Research and progress of chemical depolymerization of waste PET and high-value application of its depolymerization products

Cao, Fan; Wang, Liyan; Zheng, Rongrong; Guo, Liying; Chen, Yanming; Qian, Xin

doi:10.1039/d2ra06499e

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no previous data have been reported on the anti-inflammatory activity of HYLACH, so with this study, we compared the activity of HYLACH with that of HA for which the anti-inflammatory beneficial effect and protective action are well demonstrated [ 35 ]. The mixture of HA with other natural substances was also found to improve the therapeutic activity of HA [ 36 , 37 ], and recently, HA was also proposed in the treatment of airway diseases improving functional parameters in COPD patients [ 38 ]. The interrelationship between oxidative damage and inflammation is well demonstrated, and the role of HA in scavenging oxygen radicals has been recently reported [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Molecules on Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of Smokers

et al. 2023

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The progression of smoking-related diseases is characterized by macrophage-mediated inflammation, which is responsible for an increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and galectins, molecules that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a broad selection of differently lactose-modified hyaluronic acids (HA) named HYLACH®, which are able to bind proinflammatory galectins. The best HYLACH ligands for Gal-3 were selected in silico and their activities were tested in vitro on primary human bronchial fibroblasts obtained from smokers and inflamed with the conditioned medium of activated U937 monocytes. Changes in cell viability, ROS generation, proinflammatory mediators, and MMP expression, at both gene and protein levels, were analyzed. The in silico results show that HYLACH with a percentage of lactosylation of 10–40% are the best ligands for Gal-3. The in vitro study revealed that HYLACH compounds with 10, 20, and 40% lactosylation (HYLACH-1-2-3) administrated to inflamed cell cultures counteracted the oxidative damage and restored gene and protein expression for IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, Gal-1, Gal-3, and MMP-3 to near baseline values. The evidence that HYLACH attenuated macrophage-induced inflammation, inhibited MMP expression, and exhibited antioxidative effects provide an initial step toward the development of a therapeutic treatment suitable for smoking-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Molecules on Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of Smokers

et al. 2023

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“…A wide swath of catalysts has been developed recently in an effort to reduce the energetic inputs required for efficient depolymerization and improve the purity of the final recovered monomers. A detailed overview of catalytic pathways for recycled PET (rPET) depolymerization is beyond the scope of this Perspective, but there are several recent reviews on this subject to which the reader is directed. − Here, some of the most recent developments are briefly highlighted before moving on to upcycling. Simplistically, depolymerization for closed-loop recycling typically involves the addition of (1) water for hydrolysis to form terephthalic acid, (2) ethylene glycol (EG) for glycolysis to form bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and short oligomers, or (3) methanol for methanolysis to form dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG) (Figure ).…”

Section: Recycling Strategies and End-of-life For Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Polyester Upcycling for Diversifying a Problematic Waste Stream

2023

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We are facing a rapidly growing plastic pollution crisis, which is adversely affecting communities and ecosystems across the globe. Polymer scientists have an urgent obligation to develop and implement strategies for reutilizing plastic waste streams instead of continually relying on virgin feedstocks in plastic manufacturing. Postconsumer and postindustrial plastic items should be treated as valuable resources instead of discarding them. In order to do this, technological outlets must be developed to produce renewed materials using plastic waste as an input. Polyesters represent one of the largest plastic waste streams because they are commonly used in single-use beverage and food containers as well as textiles. Polyesters are also ideal candidates to exploit through chemical diversification, owing to the wide variety of functional derivatives that can be synthetically accessed via ester reactivity. This work highlights some recent developments related to diversifying polyester waste, with a focus on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as waste stream. The strategies encompass the production of both valuable small molecules prepared via degradation of PET and high-performance polymeric scaffolds derived from reactions with PET. Taking the recent ingenuity into consideration, based on these technological developments, an outlook is provided for the future of polyester waste streams. What are the next steps that are needed? Where are these trends headed? What gaps still exist, particularly with respect to assessment of sustainability and life cycle analysis? Collectively considering the examples highlighted here, there is great promise in the field of reutilizing waste streams as feedstocks for value-added materials.

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“…In order to further improve the glycolysis rate of PET, several common glycolysis catalysts were used. 14,26,51 As shown in Fig. 2a, all four catalysts (tetrabutyl titanate, dibutyltin oxide, tetraisopropyl titanate, and zinc acetate) promoted the glycolysis reaction when compared with the control experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[11][12][13] Beyond mechanical recycling, chemical recycling is being developed to valorize PET waste. 14,15 Chemical recycling is a sustainable recycling method that depolymerizes PET into monomers or oligomers. [16][17][18][19][20] In particular, chemical upcycling of PET aims to depolymerize PET and subsequently repolymerize it into high value-added products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste to UV-curable polyurethane acrylate

et al. 2023

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Research and progress of chemical depolymerization of waste PET and high-value application of its depolymerization products

Abstract: PET (polyethylene terephthalate) has good transparency, corrosion resistance, gas barrier properties and mechanical properties, and is widely used in beverage bottles, fabrics, food packaging, tires, films, engineering plastics and other fields.

Cited by 51 publications

References 66 publications

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Molecules on Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of Smokers

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Molecules on Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of Smokers

Trends in Polyester Upcycling for Diversifying a Problematic Waste Stream

Bio-based upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste to UV-curable polyurethane acrylate

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