Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Cornell, Rodger E.; Wrobel, Erik T.; Anderson, Paul E.

doi:10.3791/52950

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Cast curing is a well-known high volume production process in which the ingredients are incorporated into castable liquid polymer binder such as hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), casted into specific size and shape in complex geometries, and cured to form macroscale solid composite structures [ 53 ]. Polyurethanes are the most widely used binder systems for cast curing of energetic materials because of the milder processing temperature of around 60 °C and better safety characteristics.…”

Section: Reactive Structures Based On Fluoropolymer-based Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoenergetic Composites with Fluoropolymers: Transition from Powders to Structures

2022

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Over the years, nanoenergetic materials have attracted enormous research interest due to their overall better combustion characteristics compared to their micron-sized counterparts. Aluminum, boron, and their respective alloys are the most extensively studied nanoenergetic materials. The majority of the research work related to this topic is confined to the respective powders. However, for practical applications, the powders need to be consolidated into reactive structures. Processing the nanoenergetic materials with polymeric binders to prepare structured composites is a possible route for the conversion of powders to structures. Most of the binders, including the energetic ones, when mixed with nanoenergetic materials even in small quantities, adversely affects the ignitability and combustion performance of the corresponding composites. The passivating effect induced by the polymeric binder is considered unfavorable for ignitability. Fluoropolymers, with their ability to induce pre-ignition reactions with the nascent oxide shell around aluminum and boron, are recognized to sustain the ignitability of the composites. Initial research efforts have been focused on surface functionalizing approaches using fluoropolymers to activate them further for energy release, and to improve the safety and storage properties. With the combined advent of more advanced chemistry and manufacturing techniques, fluoropolymers are recently being investigated as binders to process nanoenergetic materials to reactive structures. This review focuses on the major research developments in this area that have significantly assisted in the transitioning of nanoenergetic powders to structures using fluoropolymers as binders.

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Section: Reactive Structures Based On Fluoropolymer-based Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoenergetic Composites with Fluoropolymers: Transition from Powders to Structures

2022

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“…Thus, safe work with unknown energetic materials assumes estimation and comparison of three main groups of properties, which are presented in Scheme 1. The aim of the present paper is to provide recommendations for estimation algorithm which covers the first two groups of properties before these will be examined experimentally according to the developed protocols [21]. The sensitivity parameters, however, also form a very important group of factors, which can be the reason of accidental explosions, but this requires a more specialized consideration and cannot be described in terms of the present paper.…”

Section: Affected Norms and Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Algorithm for Evaluation of Potential Hazards in Research and Development of New Energetic Materials in Terms of their Detonation and Ballistic Profiles

Bondarchuk

Yefimenko

2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In the present paper we report recommendations for safe handling with unknown explosive materials and compositions. These are based on quantum‐chemical evaluations of the detonation and ballistic profiles of newly synthesized explosives and their comparison with the known reference compounds. The proposed methodology is rather simple, fast and does not require special skills. Meanwhile, it allows an effective quenching of the potential risk associated with injuries caused by accidental explosions. Additionally, we have developed two utilities, which significantly simplify the calculation process. The proposed algorithm was found to be more successful in estimation of detonation velocity of several common explosives in comparison with commercially available software EMDB, EXPLO5 and Cheetah 8.0. The reported results will be useful for scientific personnel working in the field of development and testing of explosives.

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Relating detonation parameters to the detonation synthesis of silicon carbide

Langenderfer

Bohannan

Watts

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physics

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Detonation synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles from carbon liberated by negatively oxygen balanced explosives was evaluated in a 23 factorial design to determine the effects of three categorical experimental factors: (1) cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX)/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) ratio, (2) silicon (Si) additive concentration, and (3) Si particle size. These factors were evaluated at low and high levels as they relate to the detonation performance of the explosive and the solid Si-containing phases produced. Detonation velocity and Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) detonation pressure, which were measured using rate stick plate dent tests, were evaluated. Solid detonation product mass, silicon carbide product concentration, and residual silicon concentration were evaluated using the x-ray diffraction analysis. The factors of Si concentration and the RDX:TNT ratio were shown to affect detonation performance in terms of detonation velocity and C–J pressure by up to 10% and 22%, respectively. Increased concentration of Si in the reactants improved the average SiC concentration in the detonation products from 1.9 to 2.8 wt. %. Similarly, increasing the ratio of RDX to TNT further oxidized detonation products and reduced the average residual Si remaining after detonation from 8.6 to 2.8 wt. %. A 70:30 mass ratio mixture of RDX to TNT loaded with 10 wt. % < 44 μm silicon powder produced an estimated 1.33 g of nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide from a 150-g test charge. Using a lower concentration of added silicon with a finer particle size reduced SiC yield in the residue to 0.38 g yet improved the SiC to residual Si ratio to 1.64:1.

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Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Nanoenergetic Composites with Fluoropolymers: Transition from Powders to Structures

Nanoenergetic Composites with Fluoropolymers: Transition from Powders to Structures

An Algorithm for Evaluation of Potential Hazards in Research and Development of New Energetic Materials in Terms of their Detonation and Ballistic Profiles

Relating detonation parameters to the detonation synthesis of silicon carbide

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