Research and development of compressible foam for pressure management in casing annulus of deepwater wells

Flow Physics of Profile Control Fluids in Porous Media and Implications for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Microfluidic Study

“…According to the definition of microscopic remaining oil swept area by Yu et al, the remaining oil occupying more than five pores is defined as continuous remaining oil, and the displacement occupied by continuous remaining oil is defined as the unswept area [17]. On this basis, the images in the above experiments can be determined by digital processing.…”

“…The fourth bottom water invasion was carried out after the gelation; the locally concentrated residual oil and discontinuous residual oil in pores were effectively produced in both homogeneous and heterogeneous models. According to the definition of microscopic remaining oil swept area by Yu et al, the remaining oil occupying more than five pores is defined as continuous remaining oil, and the displacement occupied by continuous remaining oil is defined as the unswept area [17]. On this basis, the images in the above experiments can be determined by digital processing.…”

“…Surfactants emulsify the crude oil in the formation by injecting fluid to form an emulsion, which will squeeze and deform when passing through the pore throats to increase the flow resistance of the water channel [13][14][15]. Surfactants are usually used with a strong gel system to avoid the tendency for channeling [16][17][18][19]. Previous studies show that the current selection and evaluation of plugging agents are primarily based on core displacement experiments, with pressure drop (resistance coefficient, residual resistance coefficient) as the evaluation benchmark.…”

An Improved Model for Predicting the Trapped Annular Pressure in the Deepwater’s Annulus Containing Foam Material

“…In the literature [12], a pressure prediction model based on foam materials was presented. Simplifying the calculation settings and given the same basic parameters.…”

“…Based on the principle of volume compatibility within the annulus, Liu [11] developed a pressure prediction model for the annulus equipped with foam material. Hu [12] and Liu [13] conducted hydrostatic experiments on foam materials. They treated the elastic compression, collapse and densification curves as linear parts in order to simplify the calculation of the foam compression model, and used the regression method to calculate the slope of the curse for the three phases.…”