Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Ramalingam, Vaira Vignesh; Padmanaban, R.; Kovukkal, Mohan Das; Govindaraju, M.

doi:10.1007/s12540-019-00346-8

Cited by 200 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 212 publications

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“…While magnesium is considered a biocompatible element that naturally exists in bone tissue, its alloying elements have shown toxicity in the body, and choosing biocompatible alloying elements is a vital factor for biomedical applications. Conventional commercial magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ91, AE21, LAE442, and WE436) [ 118 , 119 ] have been used in the fabrication of biomaterials, and on top of them, newly designed Mg–Ca-based, Mg–Zn-based, Mg–Si-based, Mg–Sr-based, Mg–RE-based, and Mg–Cu-based alloys have emerged. Nevertheless, AZ alloys usually contain a small amount of aluminum, and WE436 contains zirconium [ 119 ].…”

Section: Metallic Biomaterials For Medical Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

2021

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Metallic materials are widely used for fabricating medical implants due to their high specific strength, biocompatibility, good corrosion properties, and fatigue resistance. Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, as well as stainless steel (SS), have attracted attention from researchers because of their biocompatibility properties within the human body; however, improvements in mechanical properties while keeping other beneficial properties unchanged are still required. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a unique process for fabricating an ultra-fine-grained (UFG) metal with micrometer- to nanometer-level grain structures. SPD methods can substantially refine grain size and represent a promising strategy for improving biological functionality and mechanical properties. This present review paper provides an overview of different SPD techniques developed to create nano-/ultra-fine-grain-structured Ti and stainless steel for improved biomedical implant applications. Furthermore, studies will be covered that have used SPD techniques to improve bone cell proliferation and function while decreasing bacterial colonization when cultured on such nano-grained metals (without resorting to antibiotic use).

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Section: Metallic Biomaterials For Medical Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

2021

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“…For their good mechanical and thermal properties, magnesium and its alloys have attracted more and more attention in many industrial fields, such as automobile, aerospace, and medical instruments (Pan et al, 2018;Ramalingam et al, 2019;Venkatraman and Swamiappan, 2020). Nevertheless, the application of Mg alloys is largely limited due to its poor corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating Fabricated on Magnesium Under Two Steps Current-Decreasing Mode

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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A concept of two-steps current-decreasing mode derived from constant current mode was developed to fabricate micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings on ZK60 magnesium alloy in a dual electrolyte system. The growth characteristics of coatings were analyzed by voltage-time curves, and the coating microstructures were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the roughness, corrosion behavior, and microhardness of MAO coatings were investigated. The results show that the MAO coatings exhibit a smooth and compact surface, and have improved hardness, higher thickness, smaller roughness, and uneven distribution of holes. Such positive characteristics result in improved corrosion resistance of MAO coatings. The coating produced under the two-steps current mode of "1.2-0.6A" shows a smaller corrosion rate of 0.1559 g/m 2 •h compared with the one produced under the other mode. The results of nanoscratch tests show that the coating fabricated by "1.2-0.6 A" mode has strong bond strength with the substrate. Under this optimized mode, the MAO process also has the lowest energy consumption of 49.8 W/(dm 2 •µm).

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“…Magnesium alloys known for the light weightiness is broadly used in numerous engineering applications interfacial [1][2][3]. Magnesium is alloyed with aluminium, zinc, silicon, copper and rare earth metals to enable definite applications in automobile, aerospace, and optical components [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of AZ31-NbC surface composite fabricated by friction stir processing

Muralimanokar

Vaira

Padmanaban

et al. 2020

Koroze a Ochrana Materialu

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AZ31D magnesium alloy is widely used in automotive, aircraft, and aerospace applications because of its high strength to weight ratio. However, the softness of the alloy results in higher wear rate and the high activity results in higher corrosion rate. With an aim of reducing the wear rate and corrosion rate of AZ31 alloy, surface composite of AZ31 alloy is fabricated by reinforcing niobium carbide (NbC) by friction stir processing. The microstructure and dispersion of the reinforcements in AZ31-NbC surface composite is analysed by optical microscopy. In addition, the microhardness and tribological characteristics of the developed AZ31-NbC surface composite are investigated. The results demonstrated an increase in microhardness (23.2 %) and the decrease in wear rate (15.6 % for a normal load of 2 kg) in the developed AZ31-NbC surface composite with respect to the base material. The immersion corrosion test was performed to analyse the corrosion rate of the developed AZ31-NbC surface composite in simulated sea water environment (3.5 wt % NaCl solution). The results indicate that the corrosion rate of the developed AZ31-NbC surface composite is higher than that of base material. A comprehensive analysis on the wear and corrosion mechanism of the developed AZ31-NbC surface composite is presented.

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Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Cited by 200 publications

References 212 publications

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

Biological Applications of Severely Plastically Deformed Nano-Grained Medical Devices: A Review

Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating Fabricated on Magnesium Under Two Steps Current-Decreasing Mode

Characterization of AZ31-NbC surface composite fabricated by friction stir processing

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