Research and cumulative watershed effects

Reid, Leslie M.

doi:10.2737/psw-gtr-141

Cited by 79 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 445 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Most of the sediment from timber harvest activities is related to roads and road building (Chamberlain and others 1991, Dunne and Leopold 1978, Furniss and others 1991, MacDonald and Ritland 1989, Megahan and others 1978 and the associated increases in erosion rates (Beschta 1978, Gardner 1979, Meehan 1991, Rhodes and others 1994, Reid 1993, Reid and Dunne 1984, Swanson and Dyrness 1975, Swanston and Swanson 1976. Serious degradation of fish habitat can result from poorly planned, designed, located, built, or maintained roads (Furniss and others 1991, MacDonald and others 1991, Rhodes and others 1994).…”

Section: Indirect and Landscape-scale Effects Aquatic Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest roads: a synthesis of scientific information.

Gucinski¹,

Furniss²,

Ziemer³

et al. 2001

124

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of roads in forested ecosystems span direct physical and ecological ones (such as geomorphic and hydrologic effects), indirect and landscape level ones (such as effects on aquatic habitat, terrestrial vertebrates, and biodiversity conservation), and socioeconomic ones (such as passive-use value, economic effects on development and range management). Road effects take place in the contexts of environmental settings, their history, and the state of engineering practices, and must be evaluated in those contexts for best management approaches.Keywords: Roads, roadless areas, forest ecosystems, geomorphology, hydrology, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity, nonmarket values, heritage values, economic development, grazing, mineral resources, fire. AbstractRoads are a vital component of civilization. They provide access for people to study, enjoy, and commune with forested wildlands and to extract an array of resources from natural and modified ecosystems. Roads have well-documented, short-and long-term effects on the environment that have become highly controversial, because of the value society now places on unroaded wildlands and because of wilderness conflicts with resource extraction.The approach taken in this report is to identify known and hypothesized road-related issues and to summarize the scientific information available about them. The report identifies links among processes and effects that suggest both potential compatible uses and potential problems and risks. Generalizations are made where appropriate, but roads issues and road science usually cannot be effectively separated from the specific ecologic, economic, social, and public lands management contexts in which roads exist or are proposed.Across a forest or river basin, the access needs, economic dependencies, landscape sensitivities, downstream beneficial uses of water, and so on can be reasonably well defined, but these relations tend to differ greatly from place to place. An effective synthesis of road issues draws local experts together to thoroughly evaluate road and access benefits, problems and risks, and to inform managers about what roads may be needed, for how long, for what purposes, and at what benefits and costs to the agency and society.Road effects and uses may be somewhat arbitrarily divided into beneficial and detrimental. The largest group of beneficial variables relates to access. We identified access-related benefits as harvest of timber and special forest products, grazing, mining, recreation, fire control, land management, research and monitoring, access to private inholdings, restoration, local community critical needs, subsistence, and the cultural value of the roads themselves. Nonaccess-related benefits include edge habitat, fire breaks, absence of economic alternatives for land management, and jobs associated with building and maintaining the roads.Undesirable consequences include adverse effects on hydrology and geomorphic features (such as debris slides and sedimentation), habitat fragmentation, predation, road ki...

show abstract

Section: Indirect and Landscape-scale Effects Aquatic Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest roads: a synthesis of scientific information.

Gucinski¹,

Furniss²,

Ziemer³

et al. 2001

124

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Extra coarse sediments (sand, gravel, boulders) transported off of burned areas or as a result of increased storm peakflows can adversely affect aquatic habitat, recreation areas, and reservoirs. Deposition of coarse sediments destroys aquatic and riparian habitat and fills in lakes or reservoirs (Reid 1993, Rinne 1996.…”

Section: Postfire Sediment Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on soils and water

Neary¹,

Ryan²,

DeBano³

2005

443

369

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

_____________________________________ Neary, Daniel G.; Ryan, Kevin C.; DeBano, Leonard F., eds. 2005. (revised 2008This state-of-knowledge review about the effects of fire on soils and water can assist land and fire managers with information on the physical, chemical, and biological effects of fire needed to successfully conduct ecosystem management, and effectively inform others about the role and impacts of wildland fire. Chapter topics include the soil resource, soil physical properties and fire, soil chemistry effects, soil biology responses, the hydrologic cycle and water resources, water quality, aquatic biology, fire effects on wetland and riparian systems, fire effects models, and watershed rehabilitation.

show abstract

“…The term cumulative effects includes additive, compensating, and synergistic effects (Reid 1993). If we compare the effects of wildfire and climate change from the paragraphs above, there are several ways in which direct effects can combine with positive feedback.…”

Section: Fire and Climate Change: Feedback And Cumulative Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%