Rescue performance in Norwegian road related avalanche incidents

Lunde, Albert; Njå, Ove

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.04.011

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the previous research studies, the studies about rescue in emergency mainly include rescue methodology [16], rescue architecture [17,18], accessibility of emergency service [19], emergency resource allocation [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], the determination of the medical rescue demand [29], the prediction of the emergency material demand [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], fre rescue prediction [30], emergency rescue location model [31], emergency rescue service model [32], and rescue performance [33].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Rescue Demand Prediction for the Improvement of Traffic System Resilience

Yang

2023

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Road rescue can provide rescue services for faulty vehicles, such as fuel delivery, tire replacement, battery connection, on-site repair, clearing, and towing, which plays an important role in reducing casualties and property losses in traffic accidents. Based on the historical data of road rescue, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the road rescue demand and establishes a prediction model of the road rescue demand without data grouping. In order to further improve the prediction accuracy, the data are divided into nine groups according to the importance of the influencing factors, and nine submodels are established for the nine groups of data. When the influencing factors are known, the submodel corresponding to the most important influencing factor is selected to predict the road rescue demand. A case study in Beijing is used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed models, which can effectively predict the road rescue demand under various conditions, including the normal condition, the Spring Festival, National Day, the three-day holiday (e.g., Qingming, May Day, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, and New Year’s Day,), and extreme weather (e.g., low temperature, high temperature, heavy snow, heavy rain, and rainstorm). The research findings can provide scientific basis for the rescue department to deploy rescue equipment and rescue personnel in advance, raise the efficiency and quality of rescue, and improve the resilience of the transportation system.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Rescue Demand Prediction for the Improvement of Traffic System Resilience

Yang

2023

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…Incidents where rescuers spend time in avalanche runout zones in periods of considerable avalanche danger are undesirable but often underestimated. The recurrent nature of these incidents (Lunde & Kristensen, 2013;Lunde & Njå, 2019) indicates that the normal practice in the Norwegian avalanche rescue system is somehow flawed. We raise the question of whether it is the organization of the rescue service and the routine interaction between managerial levels and rescue units that lead the frontline rescuers into hazardous situations.…”

Section: Performance Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study reported we wanted to challenge the Norwegian avalanche rescue operations system, based on governing rules, manuals and procedures against practices observed the last twenty years. Historical data and risk assessments of Norwegian rescue missions was part of the underlying knowledge albeit reported elsewhere (Lunde & Kristensen, 2013;Lunde & Njå, 2019). However, in this study we took a design science perspective (Abrahamsson, 2009;Bjelland, 2013;Checkland, 1989;Jackson, 1982;March & Smith, 1995) on the rescue system.…”

Section: Performance Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…220 snow avalanches hitting public roads each year (Busterud, 2016), occasionally leading to situations requiring assistance from the rescue services. In many of these situations, it is uncertain whether victims are involved in the avalanche or not, and high-risk search operations may be initiated without clear indications of a critical situation (Lunde & Njå, 2019). In a recent survey, it was found that fifty percent of all recorded Norwegian avalanche rescue operations in the period 1996-2017 involved no victims (Lunde & Tellefsen, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systems thinking approach to safety in Norwegian avalanche rescue operations

Lunde

Njå

2017

Safety and Reliability – Theory and Applications

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Snow avalanches crossing roads constitute a major safety challenge to both road users and avalanche rescuers in Norway. In this paper, we reassess the current emergency response situation by using systems safety theory. The rescue system is regulated and operated through instructions and guidelines that are based on critical assumptions. We designed the study to challenge critical assumptions in the organized complex rescue system using experiences from operational experts. In two seminars the experts conducted a systemic safety analysis based on the "Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes" (STAMP) approach and the "Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis" (STPA) technique, deriving goals, hazards, requirements, constraints, a safety control structure and unsafe control actions. The gap analysis revealed that both dispatchers and emergency services are commonly not provided with the recommended training and basic avalanche safety equipment. The causal analysis provided common explanations of recurrent unsafe control actions, allowing plausible accident scenarios to be identified. This study supports a recommendation that the safety control structure of the Norwegian avalanche rescue service should be operationalized in accordance with assumptions and requirements. Contrary to critics, the STAMP/STPA systemic safety analysis proved manageable and productive, as it unceasingly directed the analyst's attention towards organizational challenges at the blunt end.

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