ReSCA: decision support tool for remediation planning after the Chernobyl accident

Ulanovsky, A.; Jacob, Peter; Fesenko, S.; Bogdevitch, I.; Kashparov, V.; Санжарова, Н. И.

doi:10.1007/s00411-010-0344-7

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Radiocesium has low mobility in the environment due to its tendency to bind to clay minerals within soils (Okumura et al 2013). Remediation of soils following contamination by radiocesium is a strategy employed to lower external radiation dose rates (Jacob et al 2001(Jacob et al , 2009EURANOS 2010;Ulanovsky et al 2011;UNSCEAR 2014;IAEA 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Remediation Parameters on in-Air Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates When Remediating Open Sites with Radiocesium-contaminated Soil

et al. 2016

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Calculations are reported for ambient dose equivalent rates [H˙*(10)] at 1 m height above the ground surface before and after remediating radiocesium-contaminated soil at wide and open sites. The results establish how the change in H˙*(10) upon remediation depends on the initial depth distribution of radiocesium within the ground, on the size of the remediated area, and on the mass per unit area of remediated soil. The remediation strategies considered were topsoil removal (with and without recovering with a clean soil layer), interchanging a topsoil layer with a subsoil layer, and in situ mixing of the topsoil. The results show the ratio of the radiocesium components of H˙*(10) post-remediation relative to their initial values (residual dose factors). It is possible to use the residual dose factors to gauge absolute changes in H˙*(10) upon remediation. The dependency of the residual dose factors on the number of years elapsed after fallout deposition is analyzed when remediation parameters remain fixed and radiocesium undergoes typical downward migration within the soil column.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Remediation Parameters on in-Air Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates When Remediating Open Sites with Radiocesium-contaminated Soil

et al. 2016

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“…Remediation activities, including decontamination, reduce exposure of the public living in a contaminated area. Software has been developed to support decision-making and planning of remediation activities by optimisation of protective actions (Ulanovsky et al., 2011). The software addresses the annual effective dose of the population, and the dose-rate coefficients given in this publication are useful for this purpose. (175) Estimation of dose reduction by decontamination for a specific situation requires, among other factors, consideration of source size, inhomogeneity of source distribution, and decontamination factor.…”

Section: Application Of Dose-rate Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICRP Publication 144: Dose Coefficients for External Exposures to Environmental Sources

Petoussi-Henss¹,

Satoh²,

Endo³

et al. 2020

Ann ICRP

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This publication presents radionuclide-specific organ and effective doserate coefficients for members of the public resulting from environmental external exposures to radionuclide emissions of both photons and electrons, calculated using computational phantoms representing the International Commission on Radiological Protection's (ICRP) reference newborn, 1-year-old, 5-year-old, 10year-old, 15-year-old, and adult males and females. Environmental radiation fields of monoenergetic photon and electron sources were first computed using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code PHITS for source geometries representing environmental radionuclide exposures including planar sources on and within the ground at different depths (representing radionuclide ground contamination from fallout or naturally occurring terrestrial sources), volumetric sources in air (representing a radioactive cloud), and uniformly distributed sources in simulated contaminated water. For the above geometries, the exposed reference individual is considered to be completely within the radiation field. Organ equivalent dose-rate coefficients for monoenergetic photons and electrons were next computed employing the PHITS code, thus simulating photon and electron interactions within the tissues and organs of the exposed reference individual. For quality assurance purposes, further cross-check calculations were performed using GEANT4, EGSnrc, MCNPX, MCNP6, and the Visible Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. From the monoenergetic values, nuclide-specific effective and organ equivalent dose-rate coefficients were computed for 1252 radionuclides of 97 elements for the above environmental exposures using the nuclear decay data from ICRP Publication 107. The coefficients are given as dose-rates normalised to radionuclide concentrations in environmental media, such as radioactivity concentration (nSv h À1 Bq À1 m 2 or nSv h À1 Bq À1 m 3), and can be renormalised to ambient dose equivalent (Sv Sv À1) or air kerma free in air (Sv Gy À1). The main text provides effective dose-rate coefficients for selected radionuclides; details including age-and sex-dependent organ dose-rate coefficients are provided as an electronic supplement to be downloaded from the ICRP and SAGE websites. The data show that, in general, the smaller the body mass of the 136 Cs, 137 Cs/ 137m Ba) deposited on and in the ground, the difference in effective dose between an adult and an infant is in the range of 30-60%, depending on the radioactivity deposition depth within the soil.

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“…Sets of such factors for agricultural countermeasures, decontamination of inhabited areas, etc, based mostly on the post-Chernobyl experience, are summarised in the scientific literature (e.g. [4,5,[21][22][23][24]).…”

Section: Assessment Of Projected and Residual Effective Dosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of environmental remediation: how to select and use the reference levels

et al. 2018

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A number of past industrial activities and accidents have resulted in the radioactive contamination of large areas at many sites around the world, giving rise to a need for remediation. According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), such situations should be managed as existing exposure situations (ExESs). Control of exposure to the public in ExESs is based on the application of appropriate reference levels (RLs) for residual doses. The implementation of this potentially fruitful concept for the optimisation of remediation in various regions is hampered by a lack of practical experience and relevant guidance. This paper suggests a generic methodology for the selection of numeric values of relevant RLs both in terms of residual annual effective dose and derived RLs (DRLs) based on an appropriate dose assessment. The value for an RL should be selected in the range of the annual residual effective dose of 1-20 mSv, depending on the prevailing circumstances for the exposure under consideration. Within this range, RL values should be chosen by the following assessment steps: (a) assessment of the projected dose, i.e. the dose to a representative person without remedial actions by means of a realistic model as opposed to a conservative model; (b) modelling of the residual dose to a representative person following application of feasible remedial actions; and (c) selection of an RL value between the projected and residual doses, taking account of the prevailing social and economic conditions. This paper also contains some recommendations for practical implementation of the selected RLs for the optimisation of public protection. The suggested methodology used for the selection of RLs (in terms of dose) and the calculation of DRLs (in terms of activity concentration in food, ambient dose rate, etc) has been illustrated by a retrospective analysis of post-Chernobyl monitoring and modelling data from the Bryansk region, Russia, 2001. From this example, it follows that analysis of real data leads to the selection of an RL from a relatively narrow annual dose range (in this case, about 2-3 mSv), from which relevant DRLs can be calculated and directly used for optimisation of the remediation programme.

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ReSCA: decision support tool for remediation planning after the Chernobyl accident

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Remediation Parameters on in-Air Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates When Remediating Open Sites with Radiocesium-contaminated Soil

Effect of Remediation Parameters on in-Air Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates When Remediating Open Sites with Radiocesium-contaminated Soil

ICRP Publication 144: Dose Coefficients for External Exposures to Environmental Sources

Optimisation of environmental remediation: how to select and use the reference levels

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