“…The MDS approach plots the samples in Euclidean space (two or more dimensions) while attempting to honor the differences among samples in the cross‐correlation matrix. These results are easiest to visualize in two‐dimensional Euclidean space; viewed this way, the distance between samples in the MDS plot is roughly equal to the similarity between the samples, and samples containing similar detrital zircon populations will plot in the same region (see Vermeesch, 2013 and Nordsvan et al, 2020 for further description of MDS).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on geological information, visual comparison of the probability density plots (Figures 8 and 9) and the results of the MDS cross-correlation pattern ( Figure 10) we consider the detrital zircon samples to indicate four separate provenance "groups" as discussed below. Due to the different analytical method used for the Pioneer metamorphic core complex samples (SIMS) compared to the remainder of the data set (LA-ICP-MS), they were not included in the MDS statistical comparison (e.g., Nordsvan et al, 2020) and were grouped entirely on geological information and visual comparison of probability density plots. 4.5.1.…”
Conflicting models of Rodinian rifting have been proposed to explain the recognized variation in the Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian tectonostratigraphic architecture of the western Laurentian margin. However, discrimination among rift models is hampered by limited exposure and metamorphism of the rocks. Southeastern Idaho preserves more than 6 km of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian strata. In contrast, along the inferred continuation of the margin in east central Idaho, correlative rocks are missing across the Lemhi arch. Our field mapping and U‐Pb dating studies, located approximately 50 km west of the Lemhi arch unconformity, focused on a succession of regionally extensive rocks that were previously assigned an Ordovician age. We show that ~1.5 km of strata here overlies a ~667 Ma reworked felsic tuff and was intruded by a 601 ± 27 Ma gabbro sill; we thus redesignate these rocks as Cryogenian and Ediacaran in age. These rocks are overlain by a ~1 km thick Ediacaran to middle Cambrian quartzite. Middle Ordovician quartzites overlie these middle Cambrian strata, indicating that though Neoproterozoic and lower Cambrian rocks are present west of the Lemhi arch, upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks are thin or absent. Comparison of this redesignated section to the closest correlative sections suggests an initial stage of symmetric rifting followed by later asymmetric rifting. We suggest that prerifting ~1,370 Ma magmatism within the Belt basin produced lithospheric rigidity that influenced the final stage of rifting and produced heterogeneity in the geometries of structural domains similar to those documented in other well‐defined, modern rift margins.
“…The MDS approach plots the samples in Euclidean space (two or more dimensions) while attempting to honor the differences among samples in the cross‐correlation matrix. These results are easiest to visualize in two‐dimensional Euclidean space; viewed this way, the distance between samples in the MDS plot is roughly equal to the similarity between the samples, and samples containing similar detrital zircon populations will plot in the same region (see Vermeesch, 2013 and Nordsvan et al, 2020 for further description of MDS).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on geological information, visual comparison of the probability density plots (Figures 8 and 9) and the results of the MDS cross-correlation pattern ( Figure 10) we consider the detrital zircon samples to indicate four separate provenance "groups" as discussed below. Due to the different analytical method used for the Pioneer metamorphic core complex samples (SIMS) compared to the remainder of the data set (LA-ICP-MS), they were not included in the MDS statistical comparison (e.g., Nordsvan et al, 2020) and were grouped entirely on geological information and visual comparison of probability density plots. 4.5.1.…”
Conflicting models of Rodinian rifting have been proposed to explain the recognized variation in the Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian tectonostratigraphic architecture of the western Laurentian margin. However, discrimination among rift models is hampered by limited exposure and metamorphism of the rocks. Southeastern Idaho preserves more than 6 km of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian strata. In contrast, along the inferred continuation of the margin in east central Idaho, correlative rocks are missing across the Lemhi arch. Our field mapping and U‐Pb dating studies, located approximately 50 km west of the Lemhi arch unconformity, focused on a succession of regionally extensive rocks that were previously assigned an Ordovician age. We show that ~1.5 km of strata here overlies a ~667 Ma reworked felsic tuff and was intruded by a 601 ± 27 Ma gabbro sill; we thus redesignate these rocks as Cryogenian and Ediacaran in age. These rocks are overlain by a ~1 km thick Ediacaran to middle Cambrian quartzite. Middle Ordovician quartzites overlie these middle Cambrian strata, indicating that though Neoproterozoic and lower Cambrian rocks are present west of the Lemhi arch, upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks are thin or absent. Comparison of this redesignated section to the closest correlative sections suggests an initial stage of symmetric rifting followed by later asymmetric rifting. We suggest that prerifting ~1,370 Ma magmatism within the Belt basin produced lithospheric rigidity that influenced the final stage of rifting and produced heterogeneity in the geometries of structural domains similar to those documented in other well‐defined, modern rift margins.
“…Based on source-to-sink theory, sedimentary provenance analysis in a basin can effectively decipher the evolutionary history of adjacent ranges (Fedo et al, 2003;Najman, 2006;Kimbrough et al, 2015;Koshnaw et al, 2018;Coutts et al, 2019;Nordsvan et al, 2020;Resentini et al, 2020). Basin analysis has been applied to several mountain fronts in the Pamir-WK region, which has constrained the evolutionary history of its adjacent ranges.…”
Section: Rapid Oligocene Uplift In the Southern West Kunlun Mountainsmentioning
The Cenozoic collision between India and Asia promoted the widespread uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, with significant deformation documented in the Pamir Plateau and West Kunlun Mountains. Low-temperature thermochronology and basin provenance analysis have revealed three episodes of rapid deformation and uplift in the Pamir–West Kunlun Mountains during the Cenozoic. However, there is very little low-temperature thermochronology age–elevation relationship (AER) data on fast exhumation events in this area—especially in the West Kunlun Mountains— leading to uncertainty surrounding how these events propagated within and around the mountain range. In this study, we produced an elevation profile across granite located south of Kudi, Xijiang Province, China, to reveal its exhumation history. Apatite fission track AER data show that a rapid exhumation event occurred at ∼26 Ma in the southern West Kunlun Mountains. When combined with published data, we interpret that the initial uplift events related to the India–Asia collision began in the central Pamir, southern West Kunlun, and northern West Kunlun regions during the Late Eocene, Oligocene, and Middle Miocene periods, respectively. Therefore, the Cenozoic northward growth process occurred from south to north around West Kunlun.
“…Until recently, quantitative assessment of detrital zircon distributions and potential source similarities/dissimilarities was limited to one-dimension, often (U-Pb) age-only, statistical comparison methods (e.g. Nordsvan et al, 2020;Saylor & Sundell, 2016;Vermeesch, 2012Vermeesch, , 2013Vermeesch, , 2018. However, it is difficult to differentiate between separate source regions with similar magmatic histories using these methods.…”
Section: Evaluating the Stenian Sourcesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1.3 to 0.9 Ga zircon components. MDS plots are used to visualize the similarity of datasets, where similar datasets plot closer together in Cartesian space, and less similar datasets plot further apart (see Nordsvan et al., 2020; Saylor & Sundell, 2021; Vermeesch, 2013, for further discussion of MDS plots as applied to zircon datasets). Statistically nearest (or most similar) sources (solid arrow) and second nearest (dashed arrow) geologically feasible sources are indicated.…”
Section: Laurentian Rifting and The Sauk Transgressionmentioning
A widespread provenance shift recorded by passive margin strata of western Laurentia, from predominant Stenian (1.2-1.0 Ga) detrital zircon age components to their absence, occurred during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Sauk transgression and is commonly used as a ca. 540 Ma chronostratigraphic marker throughout the west/ south-western United States. However, in Neoproterozoic-Cambrian strata of this region, we identify a probable shift from distal to more proximal Stenian-age zircon sources before a diachronous loss of Stenian detrital zircon age components. We suggest these provenance patterns reflect progressive subsidence of the passive margins surrounding Laurentia and concomitant relative uplift of the Transcontinental Arch, a broad and segmented northeast-southwest trending topographic high across the Laurentian midcontinent possibly due to lithospheric flexure. The Transcontinental Arch segments align with transverse rift structures of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Iapetan margin and the Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift, perhaps reflecting rejuvenation of midcontinent lithospheric weaknesses during the Sauk transgression and final Rodinia breakup.
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