“…This unique product identification can provide information about the route of a product at the package level, and a good traceability system would provide critical information when a product recall is triggered (Marucheck et al, 2011). According to Viaene and Verbeke (1998), traceability is seen as a key instrument of the SCQM, as it improves product quality by ensuring that the product is being implemented based on stakeholder's requirements (Philip et al, 2017) However, the supply chain traceability is affected by the length and complexity of the supply network, and by extensive sub-contracting (Roth et al, 2008). The failure of buyers to clarify the responsibility for ensuring product quality (i.e., who should take the responsibility) could encourage opportunism on the part of upstream suppliers.…”