Requirements of a coherent laser pulse-Doppler radar

Biernson, G.; Lucy, R. F.

doi:10.1109/proc.1963.1680

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…If X is the quantum efficiency of the photosurface, q the electronic charge, h Planck's constant, and v the optical frequency, then the (ensemble-average) photocurrent leaving the detector can be written2 [4] …”

Section: A Heterodyne Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of future comparisons, performance curves adopted directly from the well-known classical results [10], [11 ] are presented in Figs. 4 For the case of energy detection, the transmitted signal is assumed to consist of a single, short, rectangular pulse. This type of waveform is known to be an optimum choice when the signal-to-noise ratio is low [12]; under high signal-to-noise-ratio conditions, performance is less dependent on the exact time-waveform used, and the rectangular pulse remains an attractively simple choice.…”

Section: A Heterodyne Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 and 12, which provide a comparison of photon-limited performance with heterodyne-detection performance over a wide range of false- 3 With proper cooling of the detector, dark current can often be made negligible. The background power density due to starlight in space has been estimated [4] as 10-13 w/cm2 in a 10 A bandwidth at 6943 A. Assuming 10-inch receiving optics, a 10-ns pulse, and an S-20 photosurface, the resulting value ofN, is approximately 8 X 10-2.…”

Section: Comparative Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 and 8 shows that performance with such a noise level is quite close to the photon-limited performance. 4 As a first approximation, it is immaterial in the heterodyne case whether the target is well-resolved or not, for the detector responds to only one resolution-cell on the target. However, a more careful examination [141 shows that, for a wellresolved target, the capture area of the heterodyne receiving system can be substantially smaller than the true physical area of the receiving optics.…”

Section: Comparative Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output signal-to-noise ratios of the two receivers were compared by Biernson and Lucy [4], who showed that, under conditions of low noise, the results for energy and heterodyne detection can be comparable. They did not, however, take into account the different statistics of the outputs in the two cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Performance of Optical-Radar Detection Techniques

Goodman

1966

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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The statistical performances of energy-and heterodyne-detection techniques in pulsed optical radar applications are compared. The results show that, under conditions frequently encountered in practice, energy-detection can provide the better target-detection capability, in spite of the far greater complexity of the heterodyne receiver. The velocity-measurement capability of an energy-detection system can also be superior from the point of view of the error probabilities achieved. The advantages of the more complex and critical heterodyne technique lie in its vastly superior velocity-resolution capability and in its superior performance in very noisy environments. SummaryThe performance of energy-and heterodyne-detection techniques in pulsed optical radar applications, at wavelengths of one micron or shorter, are compared in terms of conventional radar-performance measures (i.e., detection statistics). Measurement of target range is considered first. The results show that the use of heterodyne-detection techniques cannot always be justified on the grounds of sensitivity alone. Under conditions of low external backgrounds, such as those encountered in many space

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Section: A Heterodyne Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Heterodyne Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Performance of Optical-Radar Detection Techniques

Goodman

1966

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Coherent Beam Combining of Pulsed Fiber Amplifiers in the Long‐Pulse Regime (Nano‐ to Microseconds)

Lombard

Gouët

Bourdon

et al. 2013

Coherent Laser Beam Combining

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Space-borne remote sensing of CO2, CH4, and N2O by integrated path differential absorption lidar: a sensitivity analysis

et al. 2008

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CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O are recognised as the most important greenhouse gases, the concentrations of which increase rapidly through human activities. Space-borne integrated path differential absorption lidar allows global observations at day and night over land and water surfaces in all climates. In this study we investigate potential sources of measurement errors and compare them with the scientific requirements. Our simulations reveal that moderate-size instruments in terms of telescope aperture (0.5-1.5 m) and laser average power (0.4-4 W) potentially have a low random error of the greenhouse gas column which is 0.2% for CO 2 and 0.4% for CH 4 for soundings at 1.6 µm, 0.4% for CO 2 at 2.1 µm, 0.6% for CH 4 at 2.3 µm, and 0.3% for N 2 O at 3.9 µm. Coherent detection instruments are generally limited by speckle noise, while direct detection instruments suffer from high detector noise using current technology. The wavelength selection in the vicinity of the absorption line is critical as it controls the height region of highest sensitivity, the temperature cross-sensitivity, and the demands on frequency stability. For CO 2 , an error budget of 0.08% is derived from our analysis of the sources of systematic errors. Among them, the frequency stability of ± 0.3 MHz for the laser transmitter and spectral purity of 99.9% in conjunction with a narrow-band spectral filter of 1 GHz (FWHM) are identified to be challenging instrument requirements for a direct detection CO 2 system operating at 1.6 µm.

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Requirements of a coherent laser pulse-Doppler radar

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Comparative Performance of Optical-Radar Detection Techniques

Comparative Performance of Optical-Radar Detection Techniques

Coherent Beam Combining of Pulsed Fiber Amplifiers in the Long‐Pulse Regime (Nano‐ to Microseconds)

Space-borne remote sensing of CO2, CH4, and N2O by integrated path differential absorption lidar: a sensitivity analysis

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