Requirements for Extravehicular Activities on the Lunar and Martian Surfaces

Biomedical problems of EVA support during manned space flight to Mars

“…But, very large events capable of causing significant damage to humans are rare and occur only once or twice every 7-10 years. To some degree, the Martian carbon dioxide atmosphere attenuates the GCR and SPE reaching the surface [2]. In free space it should be possible to protect crewmembers from SPE hazards by providing a warning system consisting of active dosimeters.…”

“…Although some activities will be accomplished with robotics and teleoperations, the adaptable human capability will be required outside the habitat to explore the surface, construct base structures, perform scientific experiments and mine for in situ resources. Habitat and other base construction will also require participation and supervision by the extravehicular activity (EVA) crewmembers [2].…”