Requirements for estimation of doses from contaminants dispersed by a ‘dirty bomb’ explosion in an urban area

Andersson, Kasper Grann; Mikkelsen, Torben; Astrup, Poul; Thykier-Nielsen, Søren; Jacobsen, L.H.; Hoe, Steen Cordt; Nielsen, Sven Poul

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.04.003

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similarly, Reshetin used a Gaussian model to estimate the maximum inhalation doses, the spatial extent and radioactivity of contamination within an urban area after the initial dispersion of 90 Sr radiological dispersion device (dirty bomb) in a terrorist activity [11]. Andersson et al used a decision support system ARGOS, which is able to estimate the consequences of terror attacks involving chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological substance, to calculate the dose contributions from contaminants dispersed in the atmosphere after a 'dirty bomb' explosion [12]. Hu et al proposed an assessment method of radiation dose in terrorist dirty bomb attacks based on WRF, which is developed by implementing the radioactive decay process into source term and ground dry and wet deposition [13].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Analysis of Urban Dirty Bomb Attacking Based on Bayesian Network

Tang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Urban dirty bomb attacking is a type of unconventional terrorism threatening the urban security all through the world. In this paper, a Bayesian network of urban dirty bomb attacking is established to analyze the risk of urban dirty bomb attacking. The impacts of factors such as occurrence time, location, wind fields, the size of dirty bomb, emergency response and defense approaches on casualty from both direct blast and radiation-caused cancers are examined. Results show that sensitivity of casualty from cancers to wind fields are less significant; the impact of emergency response on the direct casualty from blast is not large; the size of the dirty bomb results in more casualties from cancers than that from bomb explosions; Whether an attack is detected by the police is not that related to normal or special time, but significantly depends on the attack location; Furthermore, casualty from cancers significantly depends on the location, while casualty from blast is not considerably influenced by the attacking location; patrol and surveillance are less important than security check in terms of controlling the risk of urban dirt bomb, and security check is the most effective approach to decreasing the risk of urban dirty bomb.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Analysis of Urban Dirty Bomb Attacking Based on Bayesian Network

Tang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…The URD model also takes into account the increased small scale turbulence and limitations on horizontal eddy movements due to the comparatively low plume altitude. As has been demonstrated [7,8], these factors can affect the contamination pattern, wherefore the original larger scale dispersion models in ARGOS and RODOS are not well suited for 'dirty bomb' scenario estimation. It should be noted that ARGOS and RODOS are currently not equipped with models that can predict the airborne dispersion of contaminants in large indoor and semi-confined spaces like underground train stations and airports.…”

Section: S591mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the requirements to establish a European radiological preparedness for malicious airborne dispersion scenarios

et al. 2011

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European computerised decision support systems are currently targeted for large accidental atmospheric contaminant releases from nuclear installations. To make these systems applicable also for malicious dispersion events, such as 'dirty bomb' blasts, a series of modifications and extensions are necessary. Also European decision support handbooks need supplementary sections to cover the features of these types of scenarios. An overview is given of the requirements.

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“…the source term analysis). As reported by Andersson et al [4], a better description of the source term is needed, as dispersion calculations are highly sensitive to the input parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aerosols from RDD surrogate compounds produced by fast thermal transients

Lemma

Colle

Ernstberger

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Experimental tests have been performed to characterize the aerosols representative of radiological dispersion devices (RDDs, a.k.a. "dirty bombs") by applying to chosen surrogate compound rapid high temperature transients, vaporizing the sample and forming aerosols mainly by rapid cooling of the vapour. The materials, which were tested in their non-radioactive form, had been chosen from the radioactive sources widely used in industries and nuclear medicine applications, Co, CsCl, Ir and SrTiO 3 . Our analyses permitted the characterization of the inhalable fraction of the aerosols released, and the study of the influence of cladding materials on the aerosol release and on its characteristics.

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Requirements for estimation of doses from contaminants dispersed by a ‘dirty bomb’ explosion in an urban area

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Risk Analysis of Urban Dirty Bomb Attacking Based on Bayesian Network

Risk Analysis of Urban Dirty Bomb Attacking Based on Bayesian Network

On the requirements to establish a European radiological preparedness for malicious airborne dispersion scenarios

Characterization of aerosols from RDD surrogate compounds produced by fast thermal transients

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