Requirement of pea aphids (<i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>) for their symbiotic bacteria

Douglas, Angela E.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb01643.x

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When deprived of mycetomic symbionts known to provide amino acids, vitamins, and/or sterols, aphids need more time to develop, reach a smaller adult size and are unable to produce offspring (Sasaki et al 1991;Douglas 1992;Baumann et al 1995). Freed of hindgut symbionts, cockroaches develop more slowly and have smaller hindguts, and, without fat body mycetomes, they build up higher concentrations of uric acid, indicating disruption of their nitrogen recycling (Cochran 1985;Cruden & Markovetz 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet–dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis ofErwiniasp. and western flower thrips

Vries

Jacobs

Sabelis

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Studies on bacteria in the gut of insect species are numerous, but their focus is hardly ever on the impact on host performance. We showed earlier that Erwinia bacteria occur in the gut of western flower thrips, most probably acquired during feeding. Here, we investigate whether thrips gain a net benefit or pay a net cost because of these gut bacteria. On a diet of cucumber leaves, the time to maturity is shorter and the oviposition rate is higher in thrips with bacteria than in thrips without (aposymbionts). When fed on cucumber leaves and pollen, aposymbionts develop faster and lay more eggs. So Erwinia bacteria benefit or parasitize their thrips hosts depending on the diet, which is in accordance with theoretical predictions for fitness of organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions. Possibly, the transmission of gut bacteria has not become strictly vertical because of this diet-dependent fitness variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet–dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis ofErwiniasp. and western flower thrips

Vries

Jacobs

Sabelis

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Mittler, 1971;Ishikawa & Yamaji, 1985;Douglas, 1992). It has been shown that aphids derive essential amino acids from Buchnera, supplementing the low essential amino acid content of their phloem sap diet (Douglas, 1988;Douglas & Prosser, 1992;Sasaki et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metabolic study of Buchnera, the intracellular bacterial symbionts of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Whitehead

Douglas²

1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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Cells of the bacterium Buchnera were isolated from embryos of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, with an intact perisymbiont membrane (the insect membrane which surrounds each bacterial cell inside the aphid). The bacterial preparations respired aerobically, consuming oxygen at an average rate of 24 nmol (mg protein)-' min-'. The bacteria took up a range of carboxylic acids and the amino acids glutamate and aspartate from an external concentration of 0-5 mM at rates of 1-10 nmol (mg protein)-' h-'; glucose was taken up at 017 nmol (mg protein)-' h-*. Glutamate uptake was proportional to its external concentration, at all concentrations tested between 15 p~ and 10 mM. Saturable systems for the uptake of succinate and aspartate were identified. The kinetic constants were: K, 0.79 mM, Klx 12.6 nmol (mg protein)-' min-' for succinate; and K, 0.22 mM, Kax 3.3 nmol (mg protein)-' min-' for aspartate. Succinate uptake was not inhibited by the uncoupler CCCP and was markedly stimulated by ATP, suggesting that its transport is not linked to a proton-motive force but is dependent on an energized membrane and possibly mediated by a co-transport system involving another ion.

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“…Their transmission is tightly regulated and occurs via the maternal lineage through infection of eggs or embryos (9,29). B. aphidicola has never been cultured and has never been found outside aphids, while the latter, when stripped of the bacteria by treatment with antibiotics, grow slowly and are unable to reproduce (17,19,58). The association is therefore considered obligate for both organisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Putative evolutionary origin of plasmids carrying the genes involved in leucine biosynthesis in Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of aphids)

1997

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An 8.5-kb plasmid encoding genes (leuABCD) involved in leucine biosynthesis and a small plasmid of 1.74 kb of yet unknown function were found in the intracellular symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, of two divergent aphid species, Thelaxes suberi and Tetraneura caerulescens, respectively. The leuABCD-carrying plasmid (pBTs1) was amplified from total aphid DNA by inverse long PCR, using outwardly oriented oligonucleotide primers specific to leuA. The resulting 8.2-kb PCR fragment as well as the 1.74-kb plasmid (pBTc1) were cloned and sequenced. pBTs1 differed from a previously described B. aphidicola plasmid (pRPE) of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi by the presence of a small heat shock gene (ibp) and in the order of the leuABCD and repA genes. Comparison of both leucine plasmids to the small plasmid pBTc1 revealed extensive similarity with respect to putative replication functions as well as in the presence of a highly conserved open reading frame that was found to be homologous to Escherichia coli YqhA and Haemophilus influenzae HI0507 and which may encode an integral membrane protein. The three B. aphidicola plasmids most likely evolved from a common ancestral replicon, which in turn may be distantly related to IncFII plasmids. Phylogenetic affiliations of the B. aphidicola strains of the two aphid species were assessed by sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. Evaluation of the distribution of the leuABCD-encoding plasmids within a phylogenetic framework suggests independent origins for pBTs1 and pRPE from an ancestral replicon resembling pBTc1. The implications for symbiotic essential amino acid biosynthesis and provisioning are discussed.

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Requirement of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) for their symbiotic bacteria

Cited by 60 publications

References 18 publications

Diet–dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis ofErwiniasp. and western flower thrips

Diet–dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis ofErwiniasp. and western flower thrips

A metabolic study of Buchnera, the intracellular bacterial symbionts of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Putative evolutionary origin of plasmids carrying the genes involved in leucine biosynthesis in Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of aphids)

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