Requirement of a mip-Like Gene for Virulence in the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Zang, Ning; Tang, Dongjie; Mei-liang, Wei; He, Yanan; Chen, Baoshan; Feng, Jia‐Xun; Xu, Jing; Gan, Yong-Qi; Jiang, Bo-Le; Tang, Ji‐Liang

doi:10.1094/mpmi-20-0021

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, the signal peptide prediction revealed putative virulence factors including peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (RBRH_01604, RBRH_03962). These enzymes have been shown to enhance virulence of plant and human pathogens [60,61]. Also, a tetratricopetide protein (RBRH_03961) and an ankyrin repeat protein (RBRH_01579) bear signal peptides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of an endofungal Lifestyle: Deductions from the Burkholderia rhizoxinica Genome

et al. 2011

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BackgroundBurkholderia rhizoxinica is an intracellular symbiont of the phytopathogenic zygomycete Rhizopus microsporus, the causative agent of rice seedling blight. The endosymbiont produces the antimitotic macrolide rhizoxin for its host. It is vertically transmitted within vegetative spores and is essential for spore formation of the fungus. To shed light on the evolution and genetic potential of this model organism, we analysed the whole genome of B. rhizoxinica HKI 0454 - a type strain of endofungal Burkholderia species.ResultsThe genome consists of a structurally conserved chromosome and two plasmids. Compared to free-living Burkholderia species, the genome is smaller in size and harbors less transcriptional regulator genes. Instead, we observed accumulation of transposons over the genome. Prediction of primary metabolic pathways and transporters suggests that endosymbionts consume host metabolites like citrate, but might deliver some amino acids and cofactors to the host. The rhizoxin biosynthesis gene cluster shows evolutionary traces of horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, we analysed gene clusters coding for nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). Notably, B. rhizoxinica lacks common genes which are dedicated to quorum sensing systems, but is equipped with a large number of virulence-related factors and putative type III effectors.ConclusionsB. rhizoxinica is the first endofungal bacterium, whose genome has been sequenced. Here, we present models of evolution, metabolism and tools for host-symbiont interaction of the endofungal bacterium deduced from whole genome analyses. Genome size and structure suggest that B. rhizoxinica is in an early phase of adaptation to the intracellular lifestyle (genome in transition). By analysis of tranporters and metabolic pathways we predict how metabolites might be exchanged between the symbiont and its host. Gene clusters for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites represent novel targets for genomic mining of cryptic natural products. In silico analyses of virulence-associated genes, secreted proteins and effectors might inspire future studies on molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial-fungal interaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of an endofungal Lifestyle: Deductions from the Burkholderia rhizoxinica Genome

et al. 2011

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“…Eight Mip-like (macrophage infectivity potentiators) genes have been found on chromosomes 1 (seven) and 2 (one). Mip proteins, which display peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, are common virulence factors of many (human) pathogens (Zang et al 2007). Interestingly, C. taiwanensis possesses most of the genes of the complex network that regulates virulence and pathogenicity in R. solanacearum: the phcAphcBRSQ system, the pehRS, vsrABCD, and xpsR regulators (Schell 2000).…”

Section: Additional Functions Related To Interactions With Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequence of the β-rhizobium Cupriavidus taiwanensis and comparative genomics of rhizobia

Amadou¹,

Pascal²,

Mangenot³

et al. 2008

Genome Res.

193

154

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We report the first complete genome sequence of a ␤-proteobacterial nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes, Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG19424. The genome consists of two chromosomes of size 3.42 Mb and 2.50 Mb, and a large symbiotic plasmid of 0.56 Mb. The C. taiwanensis genome displays an unexpected high similarity with the genome of the saprophytic bacterium C. eutrophus H16, despite being 0.94 Mb smaller. Both organisms harbor two chromosomes with large regions of synteny interspersed by specific regions. In contrast, the two species host highly divergent plasmids, with the consequence that C. taiwanensis is symbiotically proficient and less metabolically versatile. Altogether, specific regions in C. taiwanensis compared with C. eutrophus cover 1.02 Mb and are enriched in genes associated with symbiosis or virulence in other bacteria. C. taiwanensis reveals characteristics of a minimal rhizobium, including the most compact (35-kb) symbiotic island (nod and nif) identified so far in any rhizobium. The atypical phylogenetic position of C. taiwanensis allowed insightful comparative genomics of all available rhizobium genomes. We did not find any gene that was both common and specific to all rhizobia, thus suggesting that a unique shared genetic strategy does not support symbiosis of rhizobia with legumes. Instead, phylodistribution analysis of more than 200 Sinorhizobium meliloti known symbiotic genes indicated large and complex variations of their occurrence in rhizobia and non-rhizobia. This led us to devise an in silico method to extract genes preferentially associated with rhizobia. We discuss how the novel genes we have identified may contribute to symbiotic adaptation.

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“…Despite extensive study of Mips in a range of micro-organisms, the true biological targets for these proteins have not been clearly elucidated [8,11,12]. It has been broadly assumed that they act solely as isomerases [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of a Burkholderia pseudomallei immunophilin–inhibitor complex reveals new approaches to antimicrobial development

Norville

O'Shea

Sarkar‐Tyson

et al. 2011

Biochemical Journal

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Mips (macrophage infectivity potentiators) are a subset of immunophilins associated with virulence in a range of micro-organisms. These proteins possess peptidylprolyl isomerase activity and are inhibited by drugs including rapamycin and tacrolimus. We determined the structure of the Mip homologue [BpML1 (Burkholderia pseudomallei Mip-like protein 1)] from the human pathogen and biowarfare threat B. pseudomallei by NMR and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure suggests that key catalytic residues in the BpML1 active site have unexpected conformational flexibility consistent with a role in catalysis. The structure further revealed BpML1 binding to a helical peptide, in a manner resembling the physiological interaction of human TGFβRI (transforming growth factor β receptor I) with the human immunophilin FKBP12 (FK506-binding protein 12). Furthermore, the structure of BpML1 bound to the class inhibitor cycloheximide N-ethylethanoate showed that this inhibitor mimics such a helical peptide, in contrast with the extended prolyl-peptide mimicking shown by inhibitors such as tacrolimus. We suggest that Mips, and potentially other bacterial immunophilins, participate in protein–protein interactions in addition to their peptidylprolyl isomerase activity, and that some roles of Mip proteins in virulence are independent of their peptidylprolyl isomerase activity.

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Requirement of a mip-Like Gene for Virulence in the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Evolution of an endofungal Lifestyle: Deductions from the Burkholderia rhizoxinica Genome

Evolution of an endofungal Lifestyle: Deductions from the Burkholderia rhizoxinica Genome

Genome sequence of the β-rhizobium Cupriavidus taiwanensis and comparative genomics of rhizobia

The structure of a Burkholderia pseudomallei immunophilin–inhibitor complex reveals new approaches to antimicrobial development

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