“…However, it was shown that the miaA mutator phenotype was not due to polarity on the expression of the downstream hfq gene, which encodes a pleiotropic regulator, or hflA-region genes, which encode a protease (32). Recently, Humayun and coworkers described a new pathway of mutagenesis that results in increased transversion mutations in response to translation stress (1,17,28,29). This translation stress-induced mutagenesis (TSM) pathway is induced in mutA mutants, which contain an anticodon mutation in the glyV tRNA gene that causes insertion of glycine instead of aspartic acid in proteins, such as the proofreading subunit of DNA polymerase (30,31).…”