Required Withholding Period for Vine Leaves Following Spraying with Pesticide

Maestroni, Britt; Ghanem, I.; Correll, Ray; Alnaser, Amer Abu; Islam, Marivil; Cesio, Verónica; Heinzen, Horacio; Cannavan, Andrew

doi:10.11648/j.jher.20180404.14

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Since diffusion is the main process for insecticide penetration [ 26 ], cuticular waxes affect that process by reducing solutes mobility [ 27 ] and pesticide transfer is driven by its lipophilicity and concentration [ 3 ]. It is thus harder for molecules with low Kow (logP = 0.57) and high water solubility (610 mg kg −1 ), such as imidacloprid [ 28 ], to move through grapes’ than through leaves’ cuticular waxes, which explains higher residues found in leaves compared to grapes regardless of leaves’ density and vines’ conducting system (pergola).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grapevines are cultivated all over the world, yielding a wide range of products that are part of our daily diet. Grapes, the most economically important product, can be used to make juice, jellies, wine, and pies, and the leaves can be used in cooking [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In Lebanon and nearby countries, vine leaves are commonly used in the preparation of several traditional dishes, especially the famous dishes in “Lebanese Mezze”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Lebanon and nearby countries, vine leaves are commonly used in the preparation of several traditional dishes, especially the famous dishes in “Lebanese Mezze”. As with any other plant, grapevines are vulnerable to fungal and pest infestation and thus the use of phytosanitary products may be unavoidable in order to prevent and control any occurring disease to increase the yield [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, MRLs are the benchmark against which it is possible to set the preharvest interval values (PHI). PHI corresponds to the time gap between pesticide applications and the crop harvest in order to yield a healthy product that is in compliance with the legal limit [ 3 ]. Many studies concluded that the molecules’ physiochemical properties, the formulation properties, the local climatic conditions, and the plant physiology could affect the main two parameters used in pesticide residues studies, i.e., dissipation rates and PHIs [ 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PHI corresponds to the time gap between pesticide applications and the crop harvest in order to yield a healthy product that is in compliance with the legal limit [ 3 ]. Many studies concluded that the molecules’ physiochemical properties, the formulation properties, the local climatic conditions, and the plant physiology could affect the main two parameters used in pesticide residues studies, i.e., dissipation rates and PHIs [ 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. That is why any possible factor affecting these two previously mentioned parameters must be investigated in order to identify the different variables involved and to gain a better understanding of their interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Formulation on Imidacloprid Dissipation in Grapes and Vine Leaves and on Required Pre-Harvest Intervals under Lebanese Climatic Conditions

et al. 2021

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In this study, imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, currently having a specified European Commission MRL value for vine leaves (2 mg kg−1), was applied on a Lebanese vineyard under different commercial formulations: as a soluble liquid (SL) and water dispersible granules (WDG). In Lebanon, many commercial formulations of imidacloprid are subject to the same critical good agricultural practice (cGAP). It was, therefore, important to verify the variability in dissipation patterns according to matrix nature and formulation type. Random samplings of grapes and vine leaves were performed starting at 2 days until 18 days after treatment. Residue extractions were performed according to the QuEChERS method and the analytical determination using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The SL formulation yielded significantly higher initial deposit than the WDG formulation on grapes and vine leaves. The formulation type did not significantly affect the dissipation rates; the estimated half-lives in grapes and vine leaves were 0.5 days for all imidacloprid formulations. No pre-harvest intervals were necessary on grapes. PHIs of 3.7 days for the SL formulation and 2.8 days for the WDG formulation were estimated on vine leaves. The results showed that the type of formulation and the morphological and physiological characteristics of the matrix had an effect on the initial deposits, and thus residue levels, but not on the dissipation patterns.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Formulation on Imidacloprid Dissipation in Grapes and Vine Leaves and on Required Pre-Harvest Intervals under Lebanese Climatic Conditions

et al. 2021

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Dissipation kinetics of some pesticides applied singly or in mixtures in/on grape leaf

Balkan

Kara

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Grape and leaf quality are often severely reduced by fungi such as grey rot Botrytis cinerea Pers., powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schwein, and downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni and by insects such as Otiorhynchus spp., European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana Den.-Schiff., vine mealybug Planococcus citri Risso, and grape erineum mite Colomerus vitis Pgst. Various pesticides are often applied to mitigate these pest problems. These chemicals used singly as well as in the form of a mixture can leave residues on or in the crop. It is therefore of great importance to study the dissipation of the pesticides applied alone and in mixtures to this crop to protect consumers. RESULTS:The dissipation kinetics of cypermethrin, boscalid, deltamethrin, kresoxim-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, metalaxyl-M, metrafenone, and triadimenol residues were studied in vine leaves grown under sunny conditions in Turkey. The dissipation rate for singly applied pesticides followed first-order kinetics, with half-lifes in grape leaves in the range of 1.85-7.22 days. Changes in the degradation process of pesticide residues were determined after application, as both single applications and mixtures. The degradation of boscalid, cymoxanil, deltamethrin and metalaxyl-M accelerated while the degradation of cypermethrin, kresoxim-methyl, and lambda-cyhalothrin slowed down in mixtures of pesticides.CONCLUSION: The use of pesticides in mixtures leads to slower degradation and higher residues for some active ingredients and faster degradation and fewer residues for other active ingredients. Therefore, pesticide mixtures should not be applied in the field without having detailed information about their ingredients.

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