Reproductive variability over a four-year period in the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Echinoidea: Echinodermata) from differing habitats in New Zealand

Brewin, Paul E.; Lamare, Miles D.; Keogh, Jonathan A.; Mladenov, Philip V.

doi:10.1007/s002270000366

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, gut content analysis indicates a strong feeding preference for encrusting corallines by A. lixula, in contrast with fleshy algae by P. lividus (Privitera et al, 2008 and reference therein). Moreover, some demonstrated larger lantern size (which indicates an increasing ability to scrape) and lower gonad somatic index values (a stress response, impairing fitness) in sea urchins inhabiting food-limited habitats, such as the barren, relative to those inhabiting habitats with abundant food, such as forest algae (Agatsuma et al, 2005;Bayed et al, 2005;Brady and Scheibling, 2006;Brewin et al, 2000;Byrne, 1990;Fernandez and Boudouresque, 1997;Konar and Estes, 2003;Levitan, 1992;Sànchez-España et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional traits of two co-occurring sea urchins across a barren/forest patch system

Agnetta

Bonaviri

Badalamenti³

et al. 2013

Journal of Sea Research

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Temperate rocky reefs may occur in two alternative states (coralline barrens and erect algal forests), whose formation and maintenance are often determined by sea urchin grazing. The two sea urchin species Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula are considered to play a similar ecological role despite their differing morphological traits and diets. The patchy mosaic areas of Ustica Island, Italy, offer an ideal environment in which to study differences in the performance of P. lividus and A. lixula in barren versus forest states. Results show that the two sea urchin species differ in diet, trophic position, grazing adaptation, movement ability and fitness in both barren and forest patches. We confirmed herbivory in P. lividus and omnivory with a strong tendency to carnivory in A. lixula. When the sea urchin escape response to a predator was triggered, P. lividus responded faster in barren and forest patches. Forest patch restricted movement, especially in A. lixula (velocity in barren ≈ 10-fold greater than in forest). A large Aristotle's lantern, indicative of durophagy, confirmed adaptation of A. lixula to barren state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional traits of two co-occurring sea urchins across a barren/forest patch system

Agnetta

Bonaviri

Badalamenti³

et al. 2013

Journal of Sea Research

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“…High densities can negatively affect gamete production due to food limitation (e.g. Levitan, 1989;Wahle and Peckham, 1999;Brewin et al, 2000). On the other hand, fertilization rates generally increase with adult density (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence that intra-specific competition in seagrass meadows reduces reproductive potential in the sea urchin <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> (Lamarck)

Tomàs¹,

Romero²,

Turon³

2005

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: To better understand the biological controls that regulate sea urchin dynamics, we studied the effects of potential inter-and intra-specific competition for food on several biological variables of the main sea urchin in the Mediterranean (Paracentrotus lividus). We carried out a caging experiment in which we manipulated sea urchin density (natural vs. high density) and herbivorous fish (Sarpa salpa) accessibility (free access vs. exclusion) in a Posidonia oceanica meadow. No evidence of competition between fish and urchins was detected. Neither density-dependent mortality nor changes in the somatic variables were found; however, we detected that intra-specific competition affected the reproductive potential of P. lividus. The gonad index of urchins at high population densities was ca. 30% lower than that of urchins at natural densities. As a spawning event had just occurred when urchins were collected, these differences probably reflect differences in reserve content, which may compromise the following reproductive period and decrease survival in the long term, as the gonads are also used as storage organs. For the time period studied, mortality rates appeared to be independent of local densities. The results indicate that a long-term negative feedback mechanism appears to take place in P. lividus in response to increased population density.Keywords: competition, density-dependence, phenotypic plasticity, mortality, echinoid, Posidonia oceanica. Aristotle's lantern, Mediterranean. RESUMEN: EVIDENCIA EXPERIMENTAL DE QUE LA COMPETENCIA INTRAESPECÍFICA EN PRADERAS DE FANERÓGAMAS MARINAS REDUCE EL POTENCIAL REPRODUCTIVO DEL ERIZO DE MAR PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS (LAMARCK). -Para entender mejor los controles biológicos que pueden regular las dinámicas de poblaciones en erizos de mar, estudiamos los efectos de una potencial competencia inter-e intraespecífica por el alimento en algunas variables biológicas del principal erizo de mar en el Mediterráneo (Paracentrotus lividus) mediante un experimento con jaulas en el que manipulamos las densidades de erizos (densidad natural vs. densidad alta) y el acceso de los peces herbívoros (Sarpa salpa, libre acceso vs. exclusión) en una pradera de Posidonia oceanica. No se detectaron evidencias de competencia entre peces y erizos, ni tampoco se observó mortalidad denso-dependiente ni cambios en las variables somáticas de P. lividus. Por el contrario, el índice gonádico de los erizos a densidades altas fue aproximadamente un 30 % menor que el de los erizos a densidad naturales, lo cual es un efecto de la competencia sobre el potencial reproductor. Puesto que había tenido lugar un episodio de liberación de gametos antes de la recolección de los erizos, estas diferencias probablemente reflejan diferencias en el contenido en reservas de las góna-das; así, esta reducción de tamaño puede no sólo comprometer el próximo periodo reproductivo, sino también disminuir la supervivencia a largo plazo, ya que las gónadas se usan como órgano de acumulación de reservas. Los resultados indica...

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“…Brewin et al (2000) showed that gonad index is independent of size forE. chloroticus between 70 and 140 mm test diameter.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproduction of the sea urchinEvechinus chloroticus(Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a New Zealand fiord

Lamare¹,

Brewin

Barker

et al. 2002

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The reproductive cycle of Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) was examined at three (outer, mid, and inner) sites in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland over a 3-year period. We found that sea urchins from all three populations had an annual gametogenic cycle, the timing of which was temporally and spatially consistent. Inter-individual variation in the gametogenic cycle was noted within each population, however, initiation of gametogenesis was generally synchronous among males and females and among sites, occurring in May/June. Strong asynchrony in gamete maturation was observed in Deep Cove, occurring in males 4-5 months earlier than females. Spawning occurred in December at the inner and mid fiord sites, while occurring in January at the outer fiord site. Reproductive potential (maximum gonad index) and output (weight of gametes released/g of animal/year) varied spatially and temporally, where there was a consistent decreasing trend in reproductive potential and output with increasing distance away from the fiord entrance. Spatial variation in reproductive output may be associated, in part, with the strong ecological gradient found in Doubtful Sound, where there is a reported decrease in macrophyte biomass and cover towards the fiord headwaters. The implications of spatial differences in gonad production with respect to the population biology and fisheries management of E. chloroticus in the fiords are discussed.

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Reproductive variability over a four-year period in the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Echinoidea: Echinodermata) from differing habitats in New Zealand

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Functional traits of two co-occurring sea urchins across a barren/forest patch system

Functional traits of two co-occurring sea urchins across a barren/forest patch system

Experimental evidence that intra-specific competition in seagrass meadows reduces reproductive potential in the sea urchin <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> (Lamarck)

Reproduction of the sea urchinEvechinus chloroticus(Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a New Zealand fiord

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