Reproductive Toxicity of Environmental Agents

Rao, K. S.; Schwetz, Bernard A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.03.050182.000245

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The carbamate fungicides, Maneb and Zineb are known to cause testicular atrophy with damaged germinal epithelium and reduced sperm motility and viability [33,34]. This may be due to anti-gonadal action of pesticide or deprived levels of androgens, which are very essential for normal functioning of accessory reproductive organs [35]. In rat treated with 17 mg/kg methomyl for two months caused a significant decrease in the level of testosterone, while the levels of FSH, LH and prolactin were significantly increased and histopathological studies of the intoxicated rat testis revealed variable degrees of degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules up to total cellular destruction [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methomyl induced gonadal dysfunction, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in male albino mice

Bb¹,

Si²

2010

Int J of Biot Appl

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Abstract-Methomyl (S-methyl-1-N [(methyl carbamoyl) oxy] thio acetimidate, is a carbamate broad spectrum insecticide. The Swiss albino mice were administered orally 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg body wt methomyl for 30 days and effective dose 4 mg/kg for 5, 10, and 20 days to know the dose and durational effect on testes and biochemical contents. The mice were sacrificed on day 31 st or 24 hours after the terminal exposure. Testes, epididymis, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, coagulatory and Cowper's glands weight decreased significantly with 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and in 4mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment.Histologic studies of the testes revealed anti-spermatogenic and anti-steroidogenic effects of methomyl reflected by significant decrease in the number and diameter of spermatogonia, primary spematocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells in the mice treated with 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment, except with 2 mg/kg/day methomyl treatment number of primary spematocytes, Leydig cells, diameter of spermatogonia, and in 4 mg/kg/day methomyl for 10 days treatment the number of spermatogonia, leydig cells and diameter of primary spermatocytes not changed significantly when compared with controls. Biochemical studies of testis and epididymis showed methomyl at doses of 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment caused significant decrease in the levels of DNA, RNA, protein, glycogen and sialic acid whereas cholesterol increased significantly. However, treatment with 1, 2 mg / kg/ day and 4 mg / kg /day for 5 days methomyl caused no significant change in epididymal biochemical contents when compared with control. Study on enzyme activities in testis and epididymis revealed that the treatment with 3 and 4 mg/kg/day and 4 mg/kg /day for 20 days of methomyl caused significant decrease in the activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), ions ATPase (Na + -K + ATPase, Ca ++ ATPase, Mg ++ ATPase) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were decreased significantly, except with 3 mg/kg/day methomyl treatment where Ca ++ ATPase activity in testes and epididymis not changed significantly. However, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities were increased significantly. The testis 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) decreased significantly with 3 and 4 mg/kg /day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 10 and 20 days of methomyl treatment when compared with controls. However, there was no significant change in testes and accessory reproductive organs, number and diameter of spermatogonia and Leydig cells and biochemical contents of testis and epididymis with 1 mg/kg/day and in 4 mg/kg /day for 5 days of methomyl treatment. These observed effects of methomyl on testes and accessory reproductive organs weight, testis histology, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in testis and epididymis may be due to toxic effect or hormonal imbalance in any of the stage in the hypothalamo-hypophysial-testicular ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methomyl induced gonadal dysfunction, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in male albino mice

Bb¹,

Si²

2010

Int J of Biot Appl

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“…nancies (2,6,9,10). Study of these problems requires close collaboration between the disciplines of epidemiology, toxicology, and clinical medicine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive hazards in the workplace. Development of epidemiologic research.

Landrigan¹,

Melius²,

Rosenberg³

et al. 1983

Scand J Work Environ Health

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LANDRIGAN PJ, MELIUS JM, ROSENBERG MJ, COYE MJ, BINKIN NJ. Reproductive hazards in the workplace: Development of epidemiologic research. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 83-48. Application of the techniques of epidemiology and clinical toxicology has accelerated study of the reproductive effects of toxic chemical and physical exposures in the workplace. Three examples of work in progress are included in the present communication. The first concerns 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, a known cause of male sterility, which continues to be used as a nematocide in Hawaii. Occupational exposures of Hawaiian agricultural workers to airborne 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane are mainly in the range of parts per billion. A prospective study of pineapple field workers has been undertaken to evaluate sperm counts and morphology before, during, and after 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane application. To date, no sperm count depression is evident at this level of exposure. The second example involves a cluster of seven spontaneous abortions in female office workers exposed to video display terminals. The cluster has been analyzed with the use of fetal life tables. Excess incidence was confirmed (p = 0.0045), but no etiology was determined. The findings may have been due to chance. The third example pertains to male chemical workers manufacturing diaminostilbene, an optical brightener, and the workers' reported sexual impotence. Impotence was confirmed in 7 of 29 workers by questionnaire and suggested for another 7. Serum testosterone analyses found depressed values (< 300 mglml) in 8 of 28 exposed workers. The luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone levels were generally normal.

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Investigation of reports of sexual dysfunction among male chemical workers manufacturing stilbene derivatives

Quinn

Wegman

Greaves

et al. 1990

American J Industrial Med

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A Health Hazard Evaluation was conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in an area of a large chemical plant that manufactured the stilbene derivative 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, an intermediate used for the production of optical brightening agents. Men employed in the area reported problems with impotence. The study population consisted of 44 men aged 20-57 years (mean age 37) employed in the area at the time of the evaluation. An industrial hygiene investigation, health and work history questionnaire survey, physical examinations, and blood chemistry and serum hormone evaluation were conducted. Fourteen percent of the men reported symptoms of impotence over the preceding 6 or more months, 7% had potency problems of shorter duration, and 7% were not currently impotent but had experienced impotence for 6 or more months in the past; 36% experienced decreased libido, all since beginning work in the production area. Low levels of serum testosterone (less than 350 ng/dl) were observed in 37% of the men. The low serum testosterone concentrations were not accounted for fully by diurnal variation or an effect of rotating shift work. It is suggested that exposures to chemicals possessing estrogenic activity may be related to the observed health effects in these workers.

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Reproductive Toxicity of Environmental Agents

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Methomyl induced gonadal dysfunction, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in male albino mice

Methomyl induced gonadal dysfunction, biochemical contents and enzyme activities in male albino mice

Reproductive hazards in the workplace. Development of epidemiologic research.

Investigation of reports of sexual dysfunction among male chemical workers manufacturing stilbene derivatives

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