Reproductive toxicity assessment of Olusosun municipal landfill leachate in Mus musculus using abnormal sperm morphology and dominant lethal mutation assays

Abstract

Mixture of xenobiotics in Olusosun landfill leachates (OSL) induced somatic and germ cell genotoxicity in eukaryotic cells. However, whether the DNA-damaged germ cells can increase reproductive failure, embryotoxicity and/or teratogenicity during fertilization remained unclear. The study herein investigated reproductive toxicity and embryotoxic effects of OSL in mice using abnormal sperm morphology and dominant lethal mutation assays. Six mice per group were exposed to 0.5 mL of 5, 10, 25, and 50% OSL (v/v, leachate/distilled water) for 5 consecutive days. Similar treatment was giving to distilled water and cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg body weight), as negative and positive control groups, respectively. At 35 day post-treatment, the mice were sacrificed and examined for cauda epididymal abnormal sperm morphology, testicular weight change and histopathological lesions. Male mice were mated to untreated nulliparous females (1 treated male per 2 untreated females) until vaginal plugs were observed. Pregnant females were sacrificed on 14th day post-mating and uterine content examined for number of implants per female, resorptions, and live and dead fetuses. OSL significantly increased teratozoospermia by 31.02% with amorphous sperm head having the highest frequency and sperm with two heads, the least. Histology of the testes revealed congestion of the interstitial blood vessels, spermatid retention and disorganization of the germinal epithelium from the basal compartment. OSL insignificantly increased absolute and relative testes weights but reduced body weight of exposed mice. There was insignificant induction of dominant lethal mutation, although low fertility was observed in the treated mice. The analyzed physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals/metalloids in OSL were higher than permissible limits. The metals, physico-chemical parameters and other unanalyzed substances in OSL induced abnormal sperm morphology, altered testes pathology, but did not significantly induce dominant lethal mutation in mice. Constituents of OSL are toxic to the male reproductive organs in mice and suggests harmful impact on public health. Indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes in the environment should be prevented.

Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of Ajakanga Landfill Leachate in rats

“…The significant increase in MDA concentration in the testes of the rats suggests that the testes is a target of ALL induced toxicity, it is possible that some of the constituents of the leachate are testicular toxicants. This observation is similar to the findings of [ 46 ] who observed testicular and epididymal degeneration with significant decrease in sperm quality and quantity in rats exposed to Olusosun landfill leachate and [ 47 ] who also reported reproductive toxicities in male mice exposed to Olusosun landfill leachate. The observed increase in MDA concentration in the organs of the rats is consistent with the results of [ 48 ] in rats exposed to Eliozu land fill leachate in Port Harcourt.…”

Sexual Behavioral Deficit and some Reproductive Abnormalities in Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Landfill Leachate

“…At very close range to living organism, landfill leachate is very toxic [19]. Recent reports have shown that landfill leachate can instigate liver and kidney dysfunction, DNA, brain and importantly, testicular damages [1,19]. Moreover, organs constituting the male reproductive tract (especially the testis) function with regards to formation of gamete (sperm) [6,31] needed for fertilization of the female ova which as a result arise in progeny and continuity of life [6], and therefore of interest in the present study.…”

“…Wastes are unavoidably produced by anthropogenic activities, and poor waste management has recently resulted in serious public health and environmental contamination hazards [1]. These issues increase together with the steady increasing human population and industrial activities [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…These issues increase together with the steady increasing human population and industrial activities [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Presently, land filling is the most usual and common process used in solid waste management at various places in t h e w o r l d a n d t h i s p r o c e s s o f w a s t e management results to environmental hazards by the means of releasing heavy chemicals, landfill gases and leachates [1]. For more than four decades, Njoku et al, [8] have published extensive data relating solid waste chemicals to human and wildlife health issues.…”

“…F e w i n f o r m a t i o n i s a v a i l a b l e o n t h e reproductive effects of leachate especially on male sexual parameters. Specifically, these reports are mainly on leachate induced alteration of the testicular tissue due to oxidative stress [1,[19][20]. The testes are paired male gonads found in the scrotal sac which are responsible for the production of spermatozoa and some androgens such as testosterones [21].…”