Reproductive success and clonal genetic structure of the rareArnica montana (Compositae) in The Netherlands

Luijten, S.H.; Oostermeijer, J.G.B.; Leeuwen, N.C. van; Nijs, J.C.M. den

doi:10.1007/bf00989049

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A previous study revealed that S. affinis is dependent on pollinators for production of viable seeds and crossing experiments further revealed an incomplete incompatibility system with an uneven capability of successful fruit production among individuals after self-pollinations (Nielsen et al 2003). This finding is in line with other studies of seed set after self-pollination in taxa that are considered to present a self-incompatibility system, thus suggesting that the system is not always 100% efficient (Reinartz and Les 1994;Luijten et al 1996;Gigord et al 1998;Young et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Inbreeding depression in the partially self-incompatible endemic plant species Scalesia affinis (Asteraceae) from Galápagos islands

2006

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A previous study showed that some individuals of the tetraploid Galápagos endemic Scalesia affinis were able to produce offspring after selfing. The present study compares the fitness of self-pollinated offspring with the fitness of cross-pollinated offspring. Germination success, seedling survival, and four different growth parameters was measured. In most of the studied characters selfed offspring were significantly inferior to outcrossed progeny. The effect was very clear in germination and survival. Outcrossed embryos were 3.4 times more likely to germinate than those that were selfed-fertilized, and the mortality was 84% higher among selfed individuals. Also, there was no genetic variation in inbreeding depression. The present study is based on material from a large population on Isabela Island, Galápagos. At other localities in the archipelago, populations have been through recent dramatic bottlenecks due to the grazing of introduced mammals. Considering the significant inbreeding depression found in the large population and the presence of a partial self-incompatibility system, these small populations are likely to be highly vulnerable and their future survival critically threatened.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Inbreeding depression in the partially self-incompatible endemic plant species Scalesia affinis (Asteraceae) from Galápagos islands

2006

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“…In a previous study, we found that A. montana is self-incompatible and pollinator-dependent (Luijten et al 1996). montana reproduces sexually via seeds and vegetatively with short rhizomes.…”

Section: The Species and Its Declinementioning

confidence: 88%

“…An earlier analysis of the genetic clonal structure showed that dense clusters of rosettes consisted of the same multilocus genotype (based on two loci), whereas most open clusters contained more than one genotype (Luijten et al 1996). An earlier analysis of the genetic clonal structure showed that dense clusters of rosettes consisted of the same multilocus genotype (based on two loci), whereas most open clusters contained more than one genotype (Luijten et al 1996).…”

Section: Population Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Population Size, Genetic Variation, and Reproductive Success in a Rapidly Declining, Self-Incompatible Perennial (Arnica montana) in The Netherlands

Luijten¹,

Dierick²,

Gérard³

et al. 2000

Conservation Biology

Self Cite

162

100

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Arnica montana is a rare and rapidly declining, self-incompatible plant species. In 26 populations in The Netherlands we investigated the relationship between population size and genetic variation using allozyme markers. Genetic variation was low in A. montana ( H e ϭ 0.088). There were positive correlations between population size and the proportion of polymorphic loci, the number of effective alleles, and expected heterozygosity, but not with observed heterozygosity. There was a significantly positive correlation between population size and the inbreeding coefficient. Generally, small populations showed heterozygote excess, which decreased with increasing population size. Possibly, the heterozygous individuals in small populations are survivors from the formerly larger populations with relatively high fitness. The F statistics showed a moderately high level of differentiation among populations ( F ST ϭ 0.140 Ϯ 0.02), implying a low level of gene flow. For three out of four allozyme loci, we found significant inbreeding ( F IS ϭ 0.104 Ϯ 0.03). Only 14 of 26 populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at all four polymorphic loci. In a subset of 14 populations of various size, we investigated natural seed production and offspring fitness. Population size was positively correlated with seed set, seedling size, number of flowering stems and flowerheads, adult survival, and total relative fitness, but not with the number of florets per flowerhead, germination rate, or the proportion of germination. Offspring performance in the greenhouse was not associated with genetic diversity measured on their mothers in the field. We conclude that the fitness of small populations is significantly reduced, but that there is as yet no evidence that this was caused by inbreeding. Possibly, the self-incompatibility system of A . montana has been effective in reducing selfing rates and inbreeding depression.

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“…The main profits coming from micropropagation use are, on one hand, smaller exploration of natural sites of incidence of rare and endangered species by establishing plantations of pharmacologically important plants (Luijten et al 1996) or introducing decorative plants obtained by this method to the market. On the other hand, clonal micropropagation may be a way to enlarge the number of individuals in extremely small populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro regeneration of Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex from seedling explants

2009

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The aim of the study was to obtain an efficient system for Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex propagation. The experimental materials were shoot tips, fragments of hipocotyls, cotyledons and roots isolated from 10-day-old seedlings. The explants were transferred to the proliferation medium supplemented with different types of cytokinin: BA (13.3 lM), kinetin (13.9 lM) and zeatin (13.7 lM) in combination with NAA (0.54 lM). The best morphogenetic response was observed when explants were cultured on the BA supplemented medium. The maximum shoot organogenesis frequency was observed for shoot tip (nearly 94%). On average 8.6 axillary shoots were induced per explant. Multiplication rate increased during the first three subcultures. The shoots revealed a wide range of morphogenetic responses. Differences were observed in the presence or absence of hair on the surface of lamina. These changes had epigenetic character and were the effect of changes in DNA methylation, which is shown by differences in methylation pattern between 18S rRNA and 25S rRNA genes in the analyzed regenerated plants. Nearly 94% of plantlets were rooted on auxin lacking medium. Addition of auxin (NAA or IAA) increased both the rooting percentage (100%) and the number of roots per shoot, but their growth was inhibited. Shortening of the auxin exposition time reduced the number of roots. Moreover, high efficiency (90%) was observed for ex vitro rooting. Plantlets with a large number of roots survived better than the ones with only a few roots. Plants were able to flower and gave viable seeds.

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Reproductive success and clonal genetic structure of the rareArnica montana (Compositae) in The Netherlands

Cited by 60 publications

References 29 publications

Inbreeding depression in the partially self-incompatible endemic plant species Scalesia affinis (Asteraceae) from Galápagos islands

Inbreeding depression in the partially self-incompatible endemic plant species Scalesia affinis (Asteraceae) from Galápagos islands

Population Size, Genetic Variation, and Reproductive Success in a Rapidly Declining, Self-Incompatible Perennial (Arnica montana) in The Netherlands

In vitro regeneration of Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex from seedling explants

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