Reproductive Structures and Evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, Placentation, Merism

Eyde, Richard H.

doi:10.2307/2395261

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, the relationship of such obdiplostemony and diplostemony in Myrtaceae to the equally rare cases of obhaplostemony and haplostemony (see Table 4, note 8) is not known. The traditional thought is that diplostemony and obdiplostemony are ancestral to haplostemony and obhaplostemony, and this has recently been shown again for Ludwigia of Onagraceae (Eyde, 1977).…”

Section: Heteropyxismentioning

confidence: 94%

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF PS1LOXYLON AND HETEROPYXIS, AND THE SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL CLASSIFICATION OF MYRTACEAE

Schmid¹

1980

TAXON

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Summary Evidence from wood, leaf, and floral anatomy, from palynology, and from reconsideration of vegetative and reproductive morphology fully support (1) the placement of Heteropyxis by Fernandes (1971), Stern & Brizicky (1958), and Weberling (1963) in Myrtaceae/Leptospermoideae on the basis of organography, palynology, and petiole and wood anatomy, and (2) the placement of Psiloxylon by van Tieghem (1904) in Myrtaceae on the basis of especially vegetative anatomy. Diagnostic myrtaceous characters shared by both genera include: entire, simple, gland‐dotted, penninerved leaves wth intramarginal veins; rudimentary stipules (Heteropyxis only); pentamery; nectary lining floral tube; imbricate, persistent calyx; many pollen features; sunken styles; baccate or capsular fruits (resp. Psiloxylon and Heteropyxis); exalbuminous seeds; bicollateral bundles; secretory cavities in all aerial organs, including the anthers; unilacunar one‐trace nodes; arcuate petiolar bundles with sclerenchymatous sheaths (only in lamina of Psiloxylon); vestured pits; wood fibers with distinctly bordered pits; and tannin. Both genera, however, differ from many, but not all Myrtaceae in having: alternate leaves; unisexual, but bisexual‐appearing flowers (only the staminate in Psiloxylon); perigyny; few stamens (Psiloxylon diplostemonous, Heteropyxis essentially obdiplostemonous); short style and divided stigma (Psiloxylon only); cancellate seed (Psiloxylon only); and such wood characters as septate, crystalliferous fibers and lack of vasicentric tracheids in Psiloxylon, and lack of axial parenchyma in Heteropyxis. The segregates Heteropyxidaceae and Psiloxylaceae should thus be included in Myrtaceae. The foregoing ensemble of characters conclusively excludes for Heteropyxis any assignment to Rhamnaceae or Rutaceae, for Psiloxylon any assignment to Bixaceae sensu lato, Flacourtiaceae, or Guttiferae, and for both genera an assignment to Lythraceae. Because it would be anomalous in either of the two traditional myrtaceous subfamilies, Psiloxylon is best treated as a new subfamily in Myrtaceae. Finally, since Leptospermeae and Chamaelaucieae differ as much from each other as either does from Myrteae, Chamaelaucieae should be elevated to subfamilial status in Myrtaceae. The family Myrtaceae thus has four subfamilies: Myrtoideae, Psiloxyloideae, Leptospermoideae, and Chamaelaucioideae. An addendum discusses Briggs & Johnson's (1979) detailed paper on vegetative and especially reproductive structure of Myrtaceae.

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Section: Heteropyxismentioning

confidence: 94%

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF PS1LOXYLON AND HETEROPYXIS, AND THE SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL CLASSIFICATION OF MYRTACEAE

Schmid¹

1980

TAXON

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“…The inclusive genus Ludwigia has been the subject not only of extensive taxonomic revision (Raven, 1963;Ramamoorthy, 1979;Ramamoorthy & Zardini, 1987;Peng, 1988Peng, , 1989Zardini & al., 1991a;Zardini & Raven, 1992;Peng & al., 2005), but also of comparative analyses in anatomy (Carlquist, 1975(Carlquist, , 1977(Carlquist, , 1982Eyde, 1977Eyde, , 1978Eyde, , 1981Eyde, , 1982Keating, 1982;Peng & Tobe, 1987), palynology (Skvarla & al., 1975(Skvarla & al., , 1978Praglowski & al., 1983;Patel & al., 1984), embryology (Tobe & Raven, 1985, 1986a, cytology (Kurabayashi & al., 1962;Raven & Tai, 1979;Zardini & al., 1991b), reproductive biology (Raven, 1979), and biochemistry (Averett & Raven, 1984;Martin & Dowd, 1986;Averett & al., 1987Averett & al., , 1990. Based on his study of floral anatomy, Eyde (1981) was the first to propose that Ludwigia formed a distinct evolutionary lineage sister to the rest of the family, and his hypothesis has been confirmed by subsequent research (Raven, 1988;Hoch & al., 1993), including molecular studies (Bult & Zimmer, 1993;Conti & al., 1993Conti & al., , 1996Lev...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐locus phylogeny of Ludwigia (Onagraceae): Insights on infra‐ generic relationships and the current classification of the genus

Liu

Hoch

Diazgranados

et al. 2017

TAXON

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Ludwigia (Onagraceae) is a worldwide wetland genus with 83 species currently classified as members of 23 sec tions. Past studies have documented the morphological diversity and complex evolutionary history. Here we provide the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Ludwigia, using our new data to examine the existing evolutionary hypotheses. We employed both nuclear (ITS, waxy) and chloroplast (rps16, rpl16, trnL‐trnF, trnL‐CD, trnG) DNA regions for this study. Our results suggest that the North Temperate haplostemonous (NTH) group and a second group that includes all other species of Ludwigia(clade B) form strongly supported sister clades. In the NTH group, a monophyletic sect. Ludwigia is sister to the Microcarpium complex, but sect. Microcarpium and sect. Isnardia are not monophyletic. In clade B, the multi‐species sec tions Jussiaea and Macrocarpon are well‐supported monophyletic clades, but others, including the largest sect. Myrtocarpus, are not monophyletic. In sum, this first molecular phylogeny of Ludwigia clarifies and supports several major relationships in the genus but also highlights parts of the classification that should be changed. Our results imply that allopolyploidy played an important role in the evolutionary history of the genus, giving rise to complex patterns of relationships that are not yet adequately reflected in the classification.

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“…Aside from the possible relationship between the more generalised Hauyeae (Hauya only) and the specialised Onagreae (to genera), no two tribes can be linked more closely with one another than with any other tribe, based on information now available. It does, however, seem increasingly likely that Ludwigia represents a branch of the family distinct from all other members (Eyde 1978(Eyde , 1979Raven & Tai 1979) -the "sister group" of all other Onagraceae in the sense of Hennig (1966). The most generalised of the other members of the family appears to be Fuchsia, the sole member of the tribe Fuchsieae, despite the fact that its bird-pollinated flowers and bird-dispersed fruits are unlikely to have originated before the Eocene (Sussman & Raven 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of reproductive biology in Onagraceae

Raven

1979

New Zealand Journal of Botany

170

129

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Onagraceae constitute a clearly marked family of the order Myrtales, comprising 7 tribes, 17 genera, and about 674 species. Of these species, about 42% are outcrossed, 52% self-pollinated, and another 6% contain both sorts of breeding systems within a single species. In outcrossed species, the stigma is always elevated above the anthers at anthesis. The three principal modes of enforcing outcrossing are protandry, in Epilobium, Clarkia, and Lopezia (with protogyny in most species of Circaea); male sterility, independently derived in four small sections of Fuchsia; and genetic self-incompatibility, found in at least 76 species, representing 4 of the 7 tribes and 10 of the 17 genera of the family. Nearly all of the trees and shrubs in the family, but only about one third of the annuals and perennial herbs, are outcrossing. Clarkia is an example of an entirely annual genus that consists predominantly of outcrossing species, whereas Ludwigia and Epilobium are predominantly perennial genera that consist of a majority of self-pollinating species (and, in contrast to Clarkia, are largely polyploid). Less than one fifth of the trees, shrubs, and annuals in Onagraceae, but about 60% of the perennials, are polyploid. Aneuploid changes in chromosome number and the evolution of complex heterozygotes, the latter represented by 52 species of 4 different genera of the tribe Onagreae, take place largely among annual species in this family.Data summarised for the pollination systems of the approximately 283 modally outcrossing species of Onagraceae indicate that 37% of the species, representing 12 genera, are bee-pollinated; 31% bird-pollinated; 17% hawkmoth-pollinated; 7% pollinated by syrphid and tachinid flies; 6% noctuid-pollinated; and 0.4% (l species: Clarkia concinna) by a combination of cyrtid flies and butterflies. No species is known to be modally pollinated by bats, by beetles, or by wind, and none has apomixis involving seeds, nor heterostyly. Some 22 individual shifts in pollination system would be sufficient to account for the evolution of the roughly 283 outcrossing species of the family, but an additional number of shifts probably involving at least 300 events would be necessary to account for the evolution of the 353 modally autogamous species. The repeated evolution of autogamy is clearly the most important evolutionary process involved in the multiplication of species ofOnagraceae.

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Reproductive Structures and Evolution in Ludwigia (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, Placentation, Merism

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF PS1LOXYLON AND HETEROPYXIS, AND THE SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL CLASSIFICATION OF MYRTACEAE

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF PS1LOXYLON AND HETEROPYXIS, AND THE SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL CLASSIFICATION OF MYRTACEAE

Multi‐locus phylogeny of Ludwigia (Onagraceae): Insights on infra‐ generic relationships and the current classification of the genus

A survey of reproductive biology in Onagraceae

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