Reproductive Strategies and Life History Evolution of Some California<i>Speyeria</i>(Nymphalidae)

Sims, Steven R.; Shapiro, Arthur M.

doi:10.18473/lepi.70i2.a6

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…A trait associated with a generalist life history in butterflies is long adult lifespan. Both the average and maximum values found here are indeed high for butterflies and agree with Argynnis/Speyeria observations by others (Boggs, 1987;Sims & Shapiro, 2016;Zimmermann et al, 2009). In American Speyeria, long adult lifespan is linked to eclosion from pupae with undeveloped eggs and prolonged adult nectar intake for maturation of eggs ("income breeding strategy": Boggs & Ross, 1993;O'Brien et al, 2004), sometimes linked to a summer reproductive diapause (Sims & Shapiro, 2016).…”

Section: Sexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

et al. 2022

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In human-altered landscapes, specialist butterflies typically form spatially restricted populations, genetically differentiated due to dispersal restrictions. Generalists, in contrast, display minimum differentiation but high genetic diversity. While local-level actions suffice to conserve specialists and landscape-level actions are necessary for generalists, minimum information exists regarding conservation of species with intermediate features. We targeted two congeneric butterflies, the recently re-expanding Argynnis adippe and the strongly declining A. niobe, co-occurring in the pastoral landscape of the Carpathian Mountains, Czech Republic. We integrated species distribution models, mark-recapture and microsatellite analysis to compare their habitat requirements, adult demography, dispersal and genetic patterns, and expanded the genetic analysis across the Carpathian Arc and beyond to delimit spatial conservation units. In two mountain valleys, both species formed interconnected populations numbering thousands of individuals. Mobility patterns suggested the populations' interconnection across the Czech Carpathians. Genetic diversity was extremely poor in the nonthreatened A. adippe and moderate in the declining A. niobe. No population differentiation was detected within the Czech Carpathians (~1500 km 2 ). Low genetic diversity and no differentiation was preserved in A. adippe across East Central Europe, whereas in A. niobe, populations from Serbia were differentiated from the Carpathian Arc + Alps. The high adult mobility linked to low differentiation probably reflects the distribution of larval resources, historically widespread but sparse and currently declining for A. niobe (grazing-disturbed grounds), while currently increasing for A. adippe (abandonment scrub, disturbed woodlands). Units as large as entire mountain systems define population boundaries, and hence conservation management units, for both species.

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Section: Sexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

et al. 2022

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“…Feeding and completion of larval development is synchronized with Viola regrowth. The probability of individual larvae surviving through diapause to successfully complete development the following year is certainly very low and Speyeria life history strategies reflect selection for reproductive patterns and larval adaptations that maximize larval survival and overall reproductive success [4,5,6]. …”

Section: Speyeria Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overwintering first instar Speyeria larvae are particularly vulnerable to mortality from abiotic stresses such as desiccation [5]. The odds of larval survival over the summer-fall-winter period can be increased through female reproductive diapause, the occurrence of which varies with species and habitat [6]. In species such as S. coronis and S. idalia, all females have a reproductive diapause.…”

Section: Climate Change Life History Traits and Habitat Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In species such as S. coronis and S. idalia, all females have a reproductive diapause. In S. zerene , subspecies from low-mid elevation xeric habitats typically have a reproductive diapause, while subspecies from high elevations or coastal areas appear to either lack, or have a reduced, diapause [6,29]. Cessation of reproductive diapause is influenced by photoperiod [67] that delays oviposition until late summer–early fall.…”

Section: Climate Change Life History Traits and Habitat Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speyeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Conservation

Sims¹

2017

Insects

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Speyeria (Nymphalidae) are a conspicuous component of the North American butterfly fauna. There are approximately 16 species and >100 associated subspecies (or geographical variants). Speyeria are univoltine, occupy a wide range of habitats, overwinter as first instar larvae, and feed only on native violets. Speyeria species have become a model group for studies of evolution, speciation, and conservation. Several species and subspecies are threatened or endangered. The reasons for this vary with the taxa involved, but always involve the degradation or loss of quality habitat for larvae and adults. The impacts of climate change must be considered among the causes for habitat degradation and in the establishment of conservation measures. In addition to increasing the available habitat, conservation efforts should consider maintaining habitat in a seral “disturbed” successional stage that selectively favors the growth of violets and preferred adult nectar sources. A major future challenge will be determining the most effective allocation of conservation resources to those species and subspecies that have the greatest potential to respond favorably to these efforts.

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Non-target effects of herbicides on the Zerene silverspot butterfly, a surrogate subspecies for the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly

2022

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Reproductive Strategies and Life History Evolution of Some CaliforniaSpeyeria(Nymphalidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

Speyeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Conservation

Non-target effects of herbicides on the Zerene silverspot butterfly, a surrogate subspecies for the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly

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