Reproductive performance of<scp>E</scp>urasian<scp>K</scp>estrel<i><scp>F</scp>alco tinnunculus</i>in an agricultural landscape with a mosaic of land uses

Dell’Omo, Giacomo; Fata, Isabella La; Casagrande, Stefania

doi:10.1111/ibi.12181

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Eurasian Kestrels also laid fewer eggs in urban habitats when comparing separate urban and rural studies ( Fig. 2; Salvati 2002; Kübler et al 2005;Carrillo and González-Dávila 2009;Costantini et al 2014) and were also negatively affected by urban cover in an urban gradient study in Austria (Sumasgutner et al 2014b). Conversely, another urban gradient study on Eurasian Kestrels in the Czech Republic showed no apparent effect of urbanisation (Riegert et al 2010), a finding also shown in Barn Owls (Frey et al 2011;Hindmarch et al 2014).…”

Section: Clutch Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

“…4; Minor et al 1993;Tella et al 1996;Salvati 2002;Liven-Schulman et al 2004;Conway et al 2006;Charter et al 2007;Costantini et al 2014). There were negative responses to urbanisation from Barn Owls, Eagle Owls, Eurasian Kestrels and Long-legged Buzzards with respect to urban-gradients (Bionda and Brambilla 2012;Dermerdzhiev et al 2014: Hindmarch .…”

Section: Number Of Young To Fledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of the means. White bars indicate a generalist feeder, dark grey bars indicate small mammal-eating species, light grey bars indicates insect-eating species, and black bars indicate bird-eating species Costantini et al (2014) Numbers in parentheses correspond with the reference numbers in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 a-f Six separate pairings of urban and rural studies …”

Section: Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The breeding performance of raptors in urban landscapes: a review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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Global urbanisation is rapidly increasing and can have profound impacts on wild flora and fauna. For many species, the impacts are detrimental and irreversible, whereas others are able to colonise and apparently thrive in these novel, human-made environments. Raptors are particularly susceptible to changes in the environment due to their position at the end of the food chain, yet some species are increasingly associated with towns and cities. To explore the impact of urbanisation on raptors, we reviewed the literature and compared breeding performance in urban and rural populations globally. In general, raptors began breeding earlier and had larger brood sizes in urban compared to rural environments. However, some of these raptors also fledged fewer young in urban habitats, apparently caused largely by a lack of prey and, in some cases, increased human disturbance. As such, urban environments may act as ecological traps for some raptor species. Species differed in their response to urbanisation. In particular, specialist bird predators such as Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) had a higher breeding performance (clutch size, brood size, number to fledge and nest success) and showed a positive response to urbanisation compared to those that predate on small mammals, such as Eurasian Kestrels (F. tinnunculus), which showed a negative response. This suggests that prey availability is one of the most important determinants of the success of urban-nesting raptors. We demonstrate a need for continued research into the breeding performance of raptors that live in urban environments, and stress the importance of focusing on the reasons for any differences in breeding performance between urban and non-urban environments in order to aid conservation and management efforts for this iconic bird group.

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Section: Clutch Sizementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Number Of Young To Fledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The breeding performance of raptors in urban landscapes: a review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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“…, Costantini et al. , Almasi et al. ), agriculture can also provide benefits associated with increased availability of subsidies such as increased abundance or availability of prey resources (Panek and Hušek , Murgatroyd et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lead (Pb) lining of agriculture‐related subsidies: enhanced Golden Eagle growth rates tempered by Pb exposure

et al. 2020

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2020. The lead (Pb) lining of agriculture-related subsidies:enhanced Golden Eagle growth rates tempered by Pb exposure. Ecosphere 11(1):Abstract. Supplementary food resources (e.g., subsidies) associated with agriculture can benefit wildlife species, increasing predictability and availability of food. Avian scavengers including raptors often utilize subsidies associated with both recreational hunting and pest shooting on agricultural lands. However, these subsidies can contain lead (Pb) fragments if they are culled with Pb-based ammunition, potentially leading to Pb poisoning and physiological impairment in wildlife. Nesting Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) commonly forage in agricultural lands during the breeding season, and therefore, both adults and their nestlings are susceptible to Pb exposure from scavenging shot wildlife. We assessed drivers of Pb exposure in 258 nestling Golden Eagles (401 total blood samples), along with physiological and growth responses, in agricultural lands across four western states in the United States. We also evaluated the birds' Pb stable isotope signatures to inform exposure sources. Twenty-six percent of Golden Eagle nestlings contained Pb concentrations associated with subclinical poisoning for sensitive species (0.03-0.2 lg/g ww), 4% had Pb concentrations that exceeded subclinical poisoning benchmarks (0.2-0.5 lg/g ww), and <1% exceeded either concentrations associated with clinical poisoning (0.5-1.0 lg/g ww) and or those deemed to cause severe clinical poisoning (>1.0 lg/g ww). Lead concentrations were highest in nestlings with close proximity to fields that potentially provided subsidies and declined exponentially as distance to subsidies increased. However, close proximity to agriculture, and presumably subsidies, positively influenced nestling growth rates. Across the range of Pb exposure, nestlings experienced a 67% reduction in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d-ALAD) activity, suggesting nestlings may have been anemic or experiencing cellular damage. Isotopic ratios of 206 Pb/ 207 Pb increased non-linearly with increasing blood Pb in Golden Eagle nestlings, and 45% of the birds were consistent with those of ammunition. However, above 0.10 lg/g ww, the proportion associated with ammunition increased to 89% of the nestlings. An improved understanding of how these positive (growth) and negative (physiology) effects associated with proximity to subsidies interact would be beneficial to managers when considering management scenarios and potentially evaluating any measures taken to reduce Pb exposure across the landscape.

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“…For example, in lesser kestrels Falco naumanni low level agricultural transformation has been associated with an increase in breeding productivity [ 73 ]. However, beyond a threshold of habitat conversion for agriculture, suitable foraging habitat and an adequate prey base are not maintained potentially resulting in reduced reproductive output, such as that seen in Eurasian kestrels Falco tinnunculus [ 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranging Behaviour of Verreaux’s Eagles during the Pre-Breeding Period Determined through the Use of High Temporal Resolution Tracking

et al. 2016

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Information on movement ecology is key in understanding the drivers and limitations of life history traits and has a potential role in indicating environmental change. Currently we have a limited understanding of the parameters of movement of territory-bound raptors, which are sensitive to environmental change. In this study we used GPS tracking technology to obtain spatially (within 3 m) and temporally (c. 3 mins) high-resolution movement data on a small sample of Verreaux’s eagle Aquila verreauxii during the pre-laying period (n = 4) with one additional example during the chick rearing period. We present GPS-derived home range estimates for this species and we examine temporal (timing, duration, frequency and speed) and spatial (total path length and maximum distance from nest) patterns of trips away from the nest. For eagles tagged in the agriculturally developed Sandveld region (n = 3), which is made up of a mosaic of land use types, we also undertook a habitat selection analysis. Home ranges were small and largely mutually exclusive. Trip activity was centred around midday, which is likely to be related to lift availability. Our habitat selection analysis found that eagles selected for near-natural and degraded habitat over natural or completely modified areas, suggesting that these eagles may have benefitted from some of the agricultural development in this region. Although our sample sizes are small, the resolution of our tracking data was essential in deriving this data over a relatively short time period and paves the way for future research.

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Reproductive performance ofEurasianKestrelFalco tinnunculusin an agricultural landscape with a mosaic of land uses

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

The breeding performance of raptors in urban landscapes: a review and meta-analysis

The breeding performance of raptors in urban landscapes: a review and meta-analysis

The lead (Pb) lining of agriculture‐related subsidies: enhanced Golden Eagle growth rates tempered by Pb exposure

Ranging Behaviour of Verreaux’s Eagles during the Pre-Breeding Period Determined through the Use of High Temporal Resolution Tracking

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