Reproductive Performance of Rats Receiving Various Levels of Dietary Protein and Fat

Richardson, L. R.; Godwin, Jackie; Wilkes, Stella H.; Cannon, Martha L.

doi:10.1093/jn/82.2.257

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Long-term maternal consumption of a HF diet resulted in a marked increase in offspring mortality in the second and third pregnancies, as has been documented previously in HF diet-fed rats (13,30,51). Maternal diet reversal reduced pup mortality in the second pregnancies but not in the third pregnancies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Increased maternal fat consumption during pregnancy alters body composition in neonatal mice

Krasnow

Nguyen

Marks

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Krasnow SM, Nguyen MT, Marks DL. Increased maternal fat consumption during pregnancy alters body composition in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301: E1243-E1253, 2011. First published September 6, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2011Maternal overnutrition prior to and during gestation causes pronounced metabolic dysfunction in the adult offspring. However, less is known about metabolic adaptations in the offspring that occur independently of postnatal growth and nutrition. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of excess maternal dietary lipid intake on the in utero programming of body composition, hepatic function, and hypothalamic development in newborn (P0) offspring. Female mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet and were mated after 4, 12, and 23 wk. A subset of the obese HF dams was switched to the LF diet during the second (DR2) or third (DR3) pregnancies. The HF offspring accrued more fat mass than the LF pups, regardless of duration of maternal HF diet consumption or prepregnancy maternal adiposity. Increased neonatal adiposity was not observed in the DR3 pups. Liver weights were reduced in the HF offspring but not in the DR2 or DR3 pups. Offspring hepatic triglyceride content was reduced in the HF pups, but hepatic inflammation and expression of lipid metabolism genes were largely unaffected by maternal diet. Maternal diet did not alter the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides in the offspring. Thus, the intrauterine programming of increased neonatal adiposity and reduced liver size by maternal overnutrition is evident in mice at birth and occurs prior to the development of maternal obesity. These observations demonstrate that dietary intervention during pregnancy minimizes the deleterious effects of maternal obesity on offspring body composition, potentially reducing the offsprings' risk of developing obesity and related diseases later in life. metabolic programming; liver; hypothalamus; inflammation; obesity THE GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF OBESITY has reached epidemic proportions in recent years, not only threatening the health and well-being of affected individuals but also imposing a considerable burden on the economic and health care systems of developed and developing nations (33). In the US, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in adults and more than tripled in children and adolescents since the 1970s. According to estimates from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 33.8% of adults and 16.9% of children aged 2-19 are obese, and 9.5% of infants and toddlers are at or above the 95th percentile of the weight-for-length growth charts (23,24,45,46). Obese individuals have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Once restricted to adults, these metabolic diseases and conditions are now being diagnosed in children and adolescents at alarming rates, mirroring the rising rates of juvenile obesity (34,39,47,52,55).The etiology of obesity is...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Increased maternal fat consumption during pregnancy alters body composition in neonatal mice

Krasnow

Nguyen

Marks

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Dietary protein is a limiting factor for reproduction in mammals (Richardson et al, ). Of all available dietary macronutrients (i.e., protein, fat, and carbohydrate), protein is most critical for growth, reproduction, and survival in rodents (Cameron and Eshelman, ; Nakagawa and Masana, ).…”

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Dietary protein influences the life‐history characteristics across generations in the African striped mouse Rhabdomys

Nel

Rimbach²,

Pillay³

2015

J. Exp. Zool.

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The level of dietary protein determines the onset of reproduction, affects offspring growth and maturation, and hence influences life-history traits and fitness. However, to date, the long-term life-history consequences of protein deficiency are not well understood. We studied the transgenerational effects of different levels of dietary protein on the life-history and level of maternal behavior of the striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae in captivity. Breeding pairs were assigned to three treatments based on the percentage of dietary protein: baseline (BP; 19%); high protein (HP; 24%); and low protein (LP; 10%). Reproductive output and offspring ontogeny was diminished in the LP treatment compared to the other treatments. Transgenerational effects were studied by breeding F2 females raised on the LP or HP diets on the same (HP-HP, LP-LP) or altered diets (HP-LP, LP-HP). The LP-LP treatment had no reproductive success, while reproductive capacity in the remaining treatments was determined mainly by the diet of mothers at breeding. Pups from protein-restricted females (LP, HP-LP) showed post-weaning compensatory growth. Timing of sexual maturity was age-dependent in female and mass-dependent in male offspring. Females fed low protein diets during breeding (LP, HP-LP) displayed lower levels of maternal behavior than females from the other treatments. This study demonstrates that the level of dietary protein influences the life-history of R. d. chakae in predictable ways. The taxon responds to changes in dietary protein at breeding, largely regardless of its nutrition during rearing. Such phenotypic flexibility in life-history parameters allows Rhabdomys to adaptively respond to unpredictable environmental changes.

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“…Deuel et al (5) and Sheer et al (6) reported that rats fed diets containing high levels of fat had more rapid growth and more efficient reproductive and lactational performances than rats fed diets containing low concentrations of fats. However, French et al ( 7 ) found decreased reproductive performance of rats when the diet contained 23% corn oil compared to 4.470; the animals fed the high-fat diet produced smaller offspring, but lactational capacity was similar in the two groups of animals.Richardson et al (8) reported that the number of young weaned by female rats was essentially the same when they were fed diets containing 3-18% fat, but was decreased when the diet contained 25740 fat.In the work reported herein, several reproductive parameters were measured in male and female rats fed a high (40%) fat diet ad libitum or restricted to give body weights similar to control rats fed a grain diet. In another experiment female rats were fed diets containing either 2.7 or 60% fat.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Richardson et al (8) reported that the number of young weaned by female rats was essentially the same when they were fed diets containing 3-18% fat, but was decreased when the diet contained 25740 fat.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Influence of High-Fat Diets on Estrous Cycles, Sperm Production and Fertility of Rats

Innami¹,

Yang²,

Mickelsen³

et al. 1973

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Numerous studies have related nutrition to reproduction (1-4), but only a few dealt with the effect of high-fat diets on reproduction and these were confined to the requirement of essential fatty acids for reproductive performance. Deuel et al. (5) and Sheer et al. (6) reported that rats fed diets containing high levels of fat had more rapid growth and more efficient reproductive and lactational performances than rats fed diets containing low concentrations of fats. However, French et al. ( 7 ) found decreased reproductive performance of rats when the diet contained 23% corn oil compared to 4.470; the animals fed the high-fat diet produced smaller offspring, but lactational capacity was similar in the two groups of animals.Richardson et al. (8) reported that the number of young weaned by female rats was essentially the same when they were fed diets containing 3-18% fat, but was decreased when the diet contained 25740 fat.In the work reported herein, several reproductive parameters were measured in male and female rats fed a high (40%) fat diet ad libitum or restricted to give body weights similar to control rats fed a grain diet. In another experiment female rats were fed diets containing either 2.7 or 60% fat.Procedures. Rats in three experiments were 1Michigan Agric. Exp. Sta. J. article number 6183. Supported in part by an NIH gnant HD 05402-03 Ssl . housed individually in an animal quarter maintained at about 22' with 1 2 hr of light and 12 hr of darkness. Weanling female Osborne-Mendel rats were used in Expts 1 and 2, and weanling male Sprague-Dawley in Expt 3. Water was available at all times. The duration of the dietary treatments and numbers of rats used for the first and second experiment are indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, respec tively .In the (first experiment, rats were assigned at random to one of three groups, and fed a 40% fat diet4 ad libitum, or the same diet ad libitum until the rats reached 250-g body weight when feed intakes were restricted or a grain diet5 was offered on an ad libitum basis. Rats fed the restricted high-fat diet were fed to maintain body weight gain similar to grain-fed rats; usually this required 8-9 g of high-fat diet/rat/day.In the second experiment, rats were fed ad libitum a diet6 containing 2.7% fat or a 440% high-fat diet cornposition (in %): Fat, 40) ; casein, 25 ; mineral mix (Wesson, General Biochelmicals, Chagrin Falls, Ohio), 5 ; vitamin mix (vitamin fortification mixture, Nutritional Biochemicals, Cleveland, Ohio), 2.2 ; non-nutritive fiber, 2 ; aureomycin, 0.01 ; liver powder, 2 ; DL-methionhe, 0.25; sucrose, 23.54. For those fed restricted mlounts of this diet the % of 'casein was increased to 30 anld sucrose decreased to 118.54. This was to assure that the restricted rats had adequate proltein intake. 5 Grain diet is la nutritionally adequate diet maide primarily firom a corn-soy mixture (composition described in this journal, Vol. 130, p. 11146, footnote 1, 1969). 62.7% low fat diet composition (in %): Corn oil, 2.7; casein, 2 5 ; minerd mix (Weson, GeneralBi...

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Reproductive Performance of Rats Receiving Various Levels of Dietary Protein and Fat

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Increased maternal fat consumption during pregnancy alters body composition in neonatal mice

Increased maternal fat consumption during pregnancy alters body composition in neonatal mice

Dietary protein influences the life‐history characteristics across generations in the African striped mouse Rhabdomys

The Influence of High-Fat Diets on Estrous Cycles, Sperm Production and Fertility of Rats

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