Reproductive history, breast‐feeding and risk of triple negative breast cancer: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities (BEM) study

John, Esther M.; Hines, Lisa M.; Phipps, Amanda I.; Koo, Jocelyn; Longacre, Teri A.; Ingles, Sue A.; Baumgartner, Kathy B.; Slattery, Martha L.; Wu, Anna H.

doi:10.1002/ijc.31258

Cited by 63 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Reasons for the divergent trends are not known but likely reflect changes in subtype‐specific breast cancer risk factors. For example, parity is associated with a lower risk of HR‐positive breast cancer and a higher risk of triple‐negative breast cancer . In the United States, the fertility rate, which was once as high as 118 births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years, declined from 69.4 births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years in 2007 to an all‐time low of 60.3 in 2017…”

Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast cancer statistics, 2019

DeSantis

Gaudet

et al. 2019

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

2,440

1,881

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This article is the American Cancer Society’s biennial update on female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including data on incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Over the most recent 5‐year period (2012‐2016), the breast cancer incidence rate increased slightly by 0.3% per year, largely because of rising rates of local stage and hormone receptor‐positive disease. In contrast, the breast cancer death rate continues to decline, dropping 40% from 1989 to 2017 and translating to 375,900 breast cancer deaths averted. Notably, the pace of the decline has slowed from an annual decrease of 1.9% during 1998 through 2011 to 1.3% during 2011 through 2017, largely driven by the trend in white women. Consequently, the black–white disparity in breast cancer mortality has remained stable since 2011 after widening over the past 3 decades. Nevertheless, the death rate remains 40% higher in blacks (28.4 vs 20.3 deaths per 100,000) despite a lower incidence rate (126.7 vs 130.8); this disparity is magnified among black women aged <50 years, who have a death rate double that of whites. In the most recent 5‐year period (2013‐2017), the death rate declined in Hispanics (2.1% per year), blacks (1.5%), whites (1.0%), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (0.8%) but was stable in American Indians/Alaska Natives. However, by state, breast cancer mortality rates are no longer declining in Nebraska overall; in Colorado and Wisconsin in black women; and in Nebraska, Texas, and Virginia in white women. Breast cancer was the leading cause of cancer death in women (surpassing lung cancer) in four Southern and two Midwestern states among blacks and in Utah among whites during 2016‐2017. Declines in breast cancer mortality could be accelerated by expanding access to high‐quality prevention, early detection, and treatment services to all women.

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Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, parity is associated with a lower risk of HR-positive breast cancer and a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer. 23,36 In the United States, the fertility rate, which was once as high as…”

Section: Cancer Occurrence In the Most Recent Time Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer statistics, 2019

DeSantis

Gaudet

et al. 2019

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

2,440

1,881

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“…Since index cases of different ethnic backgrounds might be expected to present with different distributions/frequencies of variants and different distributions of personal and family histories of cancer, [13][14][15][16] we performed separate logistic regression analyses for each of four racial/ethnic groups: (1) Caucasian plus mixed or unknown race/ethnicity, (2) African American, (3) Asian, and (4) Hispanic. The predicted probabilities r k of carrying a pathogenic variant for each tested individual were then derived using the predict option in Stata.…”

Section: Brca Prediction Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of variants of uncertain significance in BRCA1 and BRCA2 using personal and family history of cancer from individuals in a large hereditary cancer multigene panel testing cohort

LaDuca

Pesaran

et al. 2020

Genetics in Medicine

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Purpose: Genetic testing of individuals often results in identification of genomic variants of unknown significance (VUS). Multiple lines of evidence are used to help determine the clinical significance of these variants. Methods: We analyzed~138,000 individuals tested by multigene panel testing (MGPT). We used logistic regression to predict carrier status based on personal and family history of cancer. This was applied to 4644 tested individuals carrying 2383 BRCA1/2 variants to calculate likelihood ratios informing pathogenicity for each. Heterogeneity tests were performed for specific classes of variants defined by in silico predictions. Results: Twenty-two variants labeled as VUS had odds of >10:1 in favor of pathogenicity. The heterogeneity analysis found that among variants in functional domains that were predicted to be benign by in silico tools, a significantly higher proportion of variants were estimated to be pathogenic than previously indicated; that missense variants outside of functional domains should be considered benign; and that variants predicted to create de novo donor sites were also largely benign. Conclusion: The evidence presented here supports the use of personal and family history from MGPT in the classification of VUS and will be integrated into ongoing efforts to provide largescale multifactorial classification.

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“…(6) Accumulating data support similar observations in other studies on women of African American and European ancestry, although distributions of risk factors differ. (1,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) With substantially increasing rates of breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, identifying risk factors and strategies for reducing incidence are essential. (12,13) A population-based casecontrol study of breast cancer in Ghana aimed to overcome challenges of previous African studies that were unable to select population-based controls and properly classify hormone receptor-negative cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Factors and Risk of Breast Cancer by Tumor Subtypes among Ghanaian Women: A Population-based Case-control Study

Figueroa

Lynn

Edusei

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Higher proportions of early onset and estrogen receptor (ER) negative cancers are observed in women of African ancestry than in women of European ancestry. Differences in risk factor distributions and associations by age at diagnosis and ER status may explain this disparity. Methods We analyzed data from 1,126 women (aged 18 to 74 years) with invasive breast cancer and 2,106 population controls recruited from three hospitals in Ghana from 2013 to 2015. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for menstrual and reproductive factors using polytomous logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results Among controls, medians for age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, and breastfeeding/pregnancy were 15 years, 4 births, 20 years, and 18 months, respectively. For women greater or equal to 50 years, parity and extended breastfeeding were associated with decreased risks: >5 births vs. nulliparous, OR 0.40 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.83) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.98) for greater or equal to 19 vs. <13 breastfeeding months/pregnancy, which did not differ by ER. In contrast, for earlier onset cases (<50 years) parity was associated with increased risk for ER-negative tumors (Pheterogeneity by ER = 0.02), which was offset by extended breastfeeding. Similar associations were observed by intrinsic-like subtypes. Less consistent relationships were observed with ages at menarche and first birth. Conclusion Reproductive risk factor distributions are different from European populations but exhibited etiologic heterogeneity by age at diagnosis and ER status similar to other populations.

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Reproductive history, breast‐feeding and risk of triple negative breast cancer: The Breast Cancer Etiology in Minorities (BEM) study

Cited by 63 publications

References 51 publications

Breast cancer statistics, 2019

Breast cancer statistics, 2019

Classification of variants of uncertain significance in BRCA1 and BRCA2 using personal and family history of cancer from individuals in a large hereditary cancer multigene panel testing cohort

Reproductive Factors and Risk of Breast Cancer by Tumor Subtypes among Ghanaian Women: A Population-based Case-control Study

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