Reproductive Features of Dentaria Laciniata and D. Diphylla (Cruciferae), and the Implications in the Taxonomy of the Eastern North American Dentaria Complex

Abstract

Reproductive features including ovule development, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, pollen tube growth, embryogeny, and natural seed germination were studied in a single population each of Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex. Willd. and D. diphylla Michx. to test for possible agamospermy. The population of D. laciniata studied is sexual. The archesporial cell functions directly as the megasporocyte. It undergoes two meiotic divisions, but the micropylar cell of the dyad fails to undergo meiosis II, and a linear triplet of three cells is formed. The chalazal megaspore divides to form an eight‐nucleate, seven‐celled megagametophyte of the Polygonum type. Simultaneous cytokinesis follows the second meiotic division of the microsporocyte yielding a tetrahedral tetrad of microspores. A three‐celled pollen grain is formed prior to anther dehiscence. Following apparent fertilization, the Capsella‐variation of the Onagrad type of embryogeny results in a conduplicate embryo. Endosperm is initially nuclear, but eventually becomes cellular. Seeds readily germinate in nature. Similar events are documented in one population of D. diphylla up to the organization of the embryo‐sac, which disintegrates before cellularization. These reproductive events and other data indicate that the eastern North American species of Dentaria may form a sexual polyploid complex with some sexual populations and some sterile ones.

Invasive plants as drivers and passengers of community change in a disturbed urban forest.

“…The two most abundant native spring ephemerals that were observed co-flowering with R. ficaria were spring beauty (C. virginica) and toothwort (C. concatenata). Both species require pollinator visitation for seed production under natural conditions (Schemske 1977, Spooner 1984). …”