Reproductive Factors and Mammographic Density: Associations Among 24,840 Women and Comparison of Studies Using Digitized Film-Screen Mammography and Full-Field Digital Mammography

Alexeeff, Stacey; Odo, Nnaemeka U.; McBride, Russell; McGuire, Valerie; Achacoso, Ninah; Rothstein, Joseph H.; Lipson, Jafi A.; Liang, Rhea; Acton, Luana; Yaffe, Martin J.; Whittemore, Alice S.; Rubin, Daniel L.; Sieh, Weiva; Habel, Laurel A.

doi:10.1093/aje/kwz033

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, percent density was higher in parous women with BBD diagnosed prior to first birth, compared to parous women never diagnosed with BBD suggesting that there is not a protective effect of parity on density in women who have already been diagnosed with BBD prior to first birth. Women with BBD prior to first birth had a later age at first birth, which may explain why we did not observe a protective effect of parity in these women, though previous studies examining age at first birth and density have not consistently observed an association between the two (recently reviewed in [ 22 ]).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Benign breast disease and changes in mammographic breast density

et al. 2021

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Background Mammographic breast density (MBD) and benign breast disease (BBD) are two of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. Understanding trends in MBD by age and parity in women with BBD is essential to the clinical management and prevention of breast cancer. Methods Using data from the Early Determinants of Mammographic Density (EDMD) study, a prospective follow-up study of women born in 1959–1967, we evaluated MBD in 676 women. We used linear regression with generalized estimating equations to examine associations between self-reported BBD and MBD (percent density, dense area, and non-dense area), assessed through a computer-assisted method. Results A prior BBD diagnosis (median age at diagnosis 32 years) was reported by 18% of our cohort. The median time from BBD diagnosis to first available study mammogram was 9.4 years (range 1.1–27.6 years). Women with BBD had a 3.44% higher percent MBD (standard error (SE) = 1.56, p-value = 0.03) on their first available mammogram than women without BBD. Compared with parous women without BBD, nulliparous women with BBD and women with a BBD diagnosis prior to first birth had 7–8% higher percent MBD (β = 7.25, SE = 2.43, p-value< 0.01 and β = 7.84, SE = 2.98, p-value = 0.01, respectively), while there was no difference in MBD in women with a BBD diagnosis after the first birth (β = −0.22, SE = 2.40, p-value = 0.93). Conclusion Women with self-reported BBD had higher mammographic breast density than women without BBD; the association was limited to women with BBD diagnosed before their first birth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Benign breast disease and changes in mammographic breast density

et al. 2021

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“…This population-based study included non-Hispanic white women in the KPNC Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health (RPGEH) who participated in a genome-wide association study of MD (33,34). The study cohort has previously been described (4,35,36). Briefly, eligible women were between the ages of 38 and 80 at mammography and had at least one screening FFDM exam during 2003 to 2013 at KPNC mammography clinics throughout Northern California, of which 36 clinics used Hologic (n ¼ 20,311) and 11 clinics used GE (n ¼ 3,881) FFDM machines.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Relation to Mammographic Density in 23,456 Women

McBride

Fei

Rothstein

et al. 2020

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Percent density (PD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer that is potentially modifiable by lifestyle factors. PD is a composite of the dense (DA) and nondense (NDA) areas of a mammogram, representing predominantly fibroglandular or fatty tissues, respectively. Alcohol and tobacco use have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, their effects on mammographic density (MD) phenotypes are poorly understood.Methods: We examined associations of alcohol and tobacco use with PD, DA, and NDA in a population-based cohort of 23,456 women screened using full-field digital mammography machines manufactured by Hologic or General Electric. MD was measured using Cumulus. Machine-specific effects were estimated using linear regression, and combined using random effects meta-analysis.Results: Alcohol use was positively associated with PD (P trend ¼ 0.01), unassociated with DA (P trend ¼ 0.23), and inversely associated with NDA (P trend ¼ 0.02) adjusting for age, body mass index, reproductive factors, physical activity, and family history of breast cancer. In contrast, tobacco use was inversely associated with PD (P trend ¼ 0.0008), unassociated with DA (P trend ¼ 0.93), and positively associated with NDA (P trend <0.0001). These trends were stronger in normal and overweight women than in obese women.Conclusions: These findings suggest that associations of alcohol and tobacco use with PD result more from their associations with NDA than DA.Impact: PD and NDA may mediate the association of alcohol drinking, but not tobacco smoking, with increased breast cancer risk. Further studies are needed to elucidate the modifiable lifestyle factors that influence breast tissue composition, and the important role of the fatty tissues on breast health.

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“…Mammographic breast density refers to the proportion of fibroglandular tissue (the dense area) to fatty tissue (the non-dense area) in the breast as seen on the mammogram. According to current knowledge, age and some genetic, anthropometric, reproductive or lifestyle factors are the most important determinants of MBD [3][4][5]. The results of some epidemiological studies suggest that one of the lifestyle factors likely altering breast density is cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and mammographic breast density among Polish women

Pepłońska¹,

Kałużny²

2021

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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High mammographic breast density (MBD) is one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors. The results of some epidemiological studies suggest that one of the lifestyle factors likely altering breast density is cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to assess the association between active smoking, considering in detail the duration and intensity of smoking, and MBD among Polish women. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 467 women aged 40-60 years who underwent screening mammography in Łódź, Poland. Volumetric mammographic density, fibroglandular tissue volume and non-fibroglandular tissue volume were determined based on the analysis of mammographic image (in the "for processing" format) using Volpara Imaging Software. Current and lifetime intensity of cigarette smoking was assessed based on the data from interviews. Linear and logistic regressions were fitted with estimated MBD parameters as the outcomes, and life-long smoking duration and intensity as the determinants, adjusted for major confounders. Results: The former smokers had a significantly lower volumetric mammographic density compared to the non-smokers in the crude analysis (p = 0.022). However, the associations became insignificant after adjustments for important confounding factors. The analyses adjusted for important confounders revealed an inverse statistically significant association between the number of pack-years and volumetric mammographic density among the current smokers (p = 0.048). Conclusions: The observed result is consistent with the majority of previous studies that analyzed the associations between mammographic density and life-long smoking duration.

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Reproductive Factors and Mammographic Density: Associations Among 24,840 Women and Comparison of Studies Using Digitized Film-Screen Mammography and Full-Field Digital Mammography

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Benign breast disease and changes in mammographic breast density

Benign breast disease and changes in mammographic breast density

Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Relation to Mammographic Density in 23,456 Women

Cigarette smoking and mammographic breast density among Polish women

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