Reproductive effort in Ad�lie penguins

Chappell, Mark A.; Janes, Donald N.; Shoemaker, Vaughan H.; Bucher, Theresa L.; Maloney, Shane K.

doi:10.1007/bf00216598

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In all study locations mentioned above (Chappell et al 1993, Watanuki et al 2002, Ropert-Coudert et al 2004 other than Bèchervaise Island (Clarke et al 1998), penguins foraged principally or entirely in waters over the continental shelf, those being the richest of the Southern Ocean (Arrigo et al 2003). The extremely narrow shelf off Bèchervaise Island, therefore, may offer 2 distinct foraging habitats within reach of the penguins as in the case of bimodal petrels (Weimerskirch et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Clarke et al (1998) found no evidence for a bimodal distribution of trip duration at another site, Edmonson Point, Ross Sea. Nor was there any evidence for bimodal trip durations at 3 widely spaced colonies in East Antarctica (Watanuki et al 2002) or at Torgerson Island (Chappell et al 1993), though in all cases males made shorter trips than females. Ropert-Coudert et al (2004) observed bimodality in a single season, but did not study the effect of sex on trip duration, and only one foraging trip per individual was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, females departing on long trips had lower body mass than those making short trips, implying that they decided to satisfy both their own and their chicks' energetic demands (Clarke et al 1998(Clarke et al , 2002. These patterns were interpreted as responses to the greater energetic debt incurred by females during the early breeding season (Chappell et al 1993, Clarke et al 1998, see also Ropert-Coudert et al 2004, Angelier et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included only covariates about which we either had specific predictions, or which we have previously shown to importantly influence the dependent variable in the given model (Ballard et al 2001. Sex was included as a main effect because parental roles of Adélie penguins are distinctive by sex (Ainley et al 1983, Chappell et al 1993, Clarke et al 1998, Ballard et al 2001, Clarke 2001, Watanuki et al 2004) and because there is ample evidence that, in birds in general, reproductive strategies of the sexes often differ (Lessells 1991). Residuals from models were normally distributed after specified (see below) transformations of the dependent variable, so Gaussian link functions were employed throughout.…”

Section: Sea Ice Concentration and Icebergsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability

Ballard¹,

Dugger²,

Nur³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Animals modulate breeding effort by balancing investment in self-maintenance against investment in their young, potentially impacting reproductive success when faced with difficult conditions. This life history trade-off model has been evaluated for flying birds, especially those that forage over large pelagic regions of relatively sparse prey availability. We evaluated its applicability to penguins which, lacking flight, depend on reliably available prey relatively close to colonies. We used transponders and an automated weighing system to monitor 40 to 75 breeding Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae per season for 10 seasons, while environmental conditions varied dramatically, measuring foraging trip duration, parental mass change, and total food load delivered to chicks. Parents that lost the most mass during breeding provided more food to chicks while maintaining their own condition. In contrast, in years when adult mass was lower to begin with, parents recovered their own condition and delivered less food to chicks. Food loads were also related to environmental variables, with parents making longer trips and delivering less food when access to prey was more difficult, but delivering more food to 2-chick broods than to 1-chick broods. Penguins did not alternate between short (chick provisioning) and long (self-maintenance) trips, as has been observed in farranging seabirds. Nevertheless, our results indicate they regulated their condition depending on environmental and physiological factors, with impacts on the amount of food delivered to young and pre-fledging mass. Parental choice of multiple foraging habitats and depletion of prey in the nearest habitat due to intraspecific competition have important implications in explaining contrasting patterns observed among studies investigating the life history trade-off model in birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Ice Concentration and Icebergsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability

Ballard¹,

Dugger²,

Nur³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…and may influence the number of trips taken by adults provisioning chicks (Chappell et al 1993). Chappell et al (1993), who estimated that 11% of breeding Adelie penguins at Palmer Station were eaten annually by leopard seals, calculated the risk of Adelie mortality by predation at 0.4 % per trip, a substantial risk when integrated over the breeding season. The impact of leopard seal predation on breeding penguin populations elsewhere was deemed minimal (e.g.…”

Section: Arrivals and Departures At Nightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging modes of chinstrap penguins:contrasts between day and night

Jansen¹,

Boveng²,

Bengtson³

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Penguins rely on vision to travel and hunt at sea. Vision in marine predators, particularly those hunting phototactic prey under a broad range of light intensities, must be better understood to realize how these species respond to changes in their environment. We studied the effects of daily cycles in light intensity on visual predators by examining the duration and timing of chinstrap penguins' PjrgosceUs antarctica foraging trips and the size, composition, and timing of their meals. We used radio telemetry and stomach-contents sampling to study adult penguins that were provisioning chicks during the summers of 1993 and 1994 at Seal Island, Antarctica. The penguins rarely initiated or terminated foraging trips at night, but otherwise varied the timing and duration of trips to sea. Cluster analyses using departure and arrival times revealed 5 distinct modes of foraging: 3 were strictly diurnal (early, mid-, and late) and 2 were partly nocturnal (overnight and extended). Durations of diurnal trips (4 to 11 h) were shorter than overnight (13 to 14 h) and extended trips (18 to 22 h). Early and rniddiurnal trips and extended trips were significantly shorter in 1993 than in 1994; late diurnal and overnight trip durations did not differ between years. Diurnal foraging was most common in 1993, whereas overnight foraging predominated in 1994. Shortened diurnal foraging in 1993 appears to have increased the frequency of diurnal foraging by allowing more parent birds to alternate diurnal trips within a single day and by reducing the incidence of birds extending diurnal foraging through the night. That penguins foraged more frequently by day when permitted by shorter trip durations (in 1993) suggests that they opted to forage diurnally whenever possible. Returning dlurnal and overnight foragers had greater than 99 and 74 % Antarctic krill Euphausia superba by weight in their stomachs, respectively However, overnight foragers also returned with significant amounts of highly digested remains of pelagic fish, suggesting birds were in offshore waters talung fish during the night. In contrast, only 1 out of 40 diurnal foragers from both years combined had evidence of fish. Thus, the daily light cycle affected both the timing and duration of chinstrap penguin foraging as well as the type of prey consumed during trips to sea.

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Relationships among nutrition and reproduction and relevance for wild animals

Allen

Ullrey

2004

Zoo Biology

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This review discusses aspects of feeding ecology, nutrition, and dietary husbandry that are particularly relevant to reproductive success in wild animals. Emphasis has been placed on recently published literature. Special attention has been given to requirements for energy and protein and the unique roles of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. Information has been drawn from research with mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, including the domestic and laboratory species that play such a large role in elucidating mechanisms connecting nutrition and reproduction.

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Reproductive effort in Ad�lie penguins

Cited by 55 publications

References 33 publications

Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability

Foraging strategies of Adélie penguins: adjusting body condition to cope with environmental variability

Foraging modes of chinstrap penguins:contrasts between day and night

Relationships among nutrition and reproduction and relevance for wild animals

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