Reproductive ecology of the glass frogEspadarana prosoblepon(Anura: Centrolenidae) in an urban forest of the Central Andes of Colombia

Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica

“…Our results contribute information about the natural history of Espadarana prosoblepon in a population from southwestern Costa Rica, contributing to the existing literature about the reproductive biology of this species (Jacobson 1985, Basto-Riascos et al 2017a. We provide information about specific sources of embryo mortality, types of predators, and differences in clutch size, contributing useful data for future comparative studies of the reproductive and behavioral ecology of this species.…”

“…Nichols, 1999(Angeli et al 2015. Basto-Riascos et al (2017a) reported several aspects of the reproductive biology of E. prosoblepon in a population from the Andes of Colombia, including oviposition-site use and mating patterns. Additionally, a few natural history observations on fungal infections (Guayara-Barragán et al 2010) and predation of embryos by spiders (Basto-Riascos et al 2017b) have been published.…”

“…Height and substrate of oviposition sites are known to influence embryonic survival in E. prosoblepon (Jacobson 1985). By controlling for both of these factors, we attempted to reduce variation in mortality causes resulting from properties of the oviposition site itself, such as antimicrobial properties of the leaf, as suggested by Basto-Riascos et al (2017a) or the amount of water held by the substrate (e.g., moss vs. leaf surface). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated the adaptive benefits of ovipositionsite choice in centrolenids.…”

Seasonal Reproductive Dynamics of a Lek-Breeding Neotropical Treefrog is not Organized by Male Size (Anura, Hylidae)

“…Males of Dendropsophus sanborni called on perches 1-70 cm in height and exhibited preference for intermediate heights, which might represent a trade-off between propagation of vocalizations and exposure to sound-oriented predators (see Zuk and Kolluru, 1998;Amézquita and Hödl, 2004;Jacobs and Bastian, 2017). However, variation in body size of calling males among perch heights was not statistically significant, indicating that the vertical spatial organization of males is not based on body size.…”

“…The diversity of reproductive strategies among anurans might be more a reflection of environmental attri-butes than phylogenetic history (e.g., Haddad and Prado, 2005;Müller et al, 2013;Akopyan et al, 2018;O'Brien et al, 2018). The breeding season of an anuran species is limited by seasonal climatic factors in association with its social behavior, reproductive traits, and intraspecific competition.…”