Reproductive, cytological and biochemical toxicity of fenugreek in male Swiss albino mice

Abstract

Fenugreek was evaluated for its effects on reproductive, cytological and biochemical toxicity in mice.On the basis of evaluated maximum tolerated dose (MTD; 9.77 g/kg), the present doses selected for sub-chronic (90 days) treatment were 153, 305 and 610 mg/kg/day by oral gavage corresponding to 1/64, 1/32 and 1/16, of MTD, respectively. Total sperm count, motility and spermatozoa morphology was screened. Cytological changes in testicular chromosomes and pregnancy rate in untreated females after mating with treated males were estimated. In testicular cells, total proteins, nucleic acids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and serum hormonal levels were estimated. The fenugreek treatment particularly with higher dose caused significant changes in the percent motility, sperm count, spermatozoa morphology, chromosomal aberrations, rate of pregnancy and preimplantation loss. Male fertility was decreased in higher treated doses. In testicular cells, nucleic acids and NP-SH were depleted while MDA levels increased. In conclusion, fenugreek administration at higher dose induced toxicity including teratogenic, foetotoxic, reproductive changes and the abnormal shapes of the sperms. In view of the observed oxidant potentials, present study paves a path to further investigate its clinical effects on reproductive system.

Ethnopharmacological survey of home remedies used for treatment of hair and scalp and their methods of preparation in the West Bank-Palestine

“… Trigonella arabica Reported in India, Africa [ 54 ], and Egypt [ 55 ]. Treatment of inflammation [ 56 ] Administration at higher dose induced toxicity including teratogenic, foetotoxic, reproductive changes and the abnormal shapes of the sperms [ 57 ] Prunus dulcis Reported in Iraq [ 58 ] and Lebanon [ 59 ] and well known Worldwide High antioxidant activity [ 60 ] and used for premature hair fall [ 61 ] No reference Citrus limon Reported throughout the world [ 62 ] Skin care and anti-oxidants [ 62 ]. No reference Pimpinella anisum Reported in Mediterranean Region [ 63 ], Palestine [ 64 ], the Middle East [ 65 ] and Spain [ 63 ] Reported to have insecticidal effect [ 66 ], antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect [ 67 ], No reference Punica granatum Reported in India [ 68 ], Algeria [ 69 ], Africa [ 70 ], America [ 71 ], Spain [ 72 ].…”

A systematic literature review of fenugreek seed toxicity by using ToxRTool: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies

“…According to the Klimisch categories of ToxRTool, the category code of these 391 (89.67%) studies were “4” which indicates that a paper is “not assignable” because it does not contain any primary data. Remaining 45 (10.33%) studies were included for quantitative analysis by ToxRTool [6, 7, 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59].

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“…Researchers have investigated multifaceted therapeutic benefits of fenugreek seeds against a variety of ailments including diabetes, cancer, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, ulcers, wound, bacterial and fungal infections, weakness, and edema of the legs [4, 5]. Apart from its beneficial effects, many studies have also documented its toxicological profile [6, 7, 8]. However, these published literature are diverse in nature.…”

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Sprouted Seed Extract: Its Chemical HPLC Analysis, Abortive Effect, and Neurodevelopmental Toxicity on Mice

“…Many studies have reported the toxicological impact of this plant on reproduction. In fact, the study by Al-Yahya [20] demonstrated that fenugreek administration to males mated with untreated females induces teratogenic, foetotoxic, and reproductive changes and the abnormal shapes of the sperms. Other studies show that these seeds have an estrogenic activity that disturbs the endometrial lining system and interferes with fetal development [21,22].…”