Reproductive characteristics of endophyte-infected or novel tall fescue fed ewes

Burke, J.M.; Bishop, Cecily V.; Stormshak, F.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.03.011

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Alternatively, early pregnancy has been associated with decreased prolactin (Kann and Denamur, 1974), and an advancing stage of pregnancy could have led to decreased prolactin in AN cows grazing EF TF in August. Serum concentrations of prolactin increased in ewes fed an EI TF seed diet after the end of the study, which coincided with early pregnancy, whereas concentrations of prolactin in ewes fed TF seed without toxins declined (Burke et al, 2006). This same phenomenon could have occurred in cows grazing EI TF in the current study, in that serum concentrations of prolactin increased in June, or after cows were bred, compared with April and May.…”

Section: Rectal Temperature Prolactin and Bw Of Cowssupporting

confidence: 65%

Interaction of breed type and endophyte-infected tall fescue on milk production and quality in beef cattle1

Burke

Coleman²,

Chase³

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

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Decreased milk production of beef cattle grazing endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue (TF), an important cool season grass in the southeastern United States, can affect calf growth. The objective was to determine whether a thermal or heat-tolerant Bos taurus breed of cattle, Romosinuano (RO), would tolerate EI TF toxins relative to Angus (AN) cattle. Milk production and quality were examined on AN and RO cows grazing endophyte-free (EF; variety K-31; n = 36) or EI TF (variety K-31; n = 37) along with growth of their Charolais-sired calves in 2007 and 2008 in west central Arkansas. Cows calved between early February and late March (spring). Milk yield and quality, BW, rectal temperature, and serum prolactin were determined at 57.1 +/- 2.6 d postpartum and every 28 d thereafter between April and August. Milk yield was greater in AN compared with RO cows (P < 0.001), but not influenced by forage type (P > 0.88). Percent milk fat was greater in cows grazing EF TF in April, but greater for cows grazing EI TF in July (forage x month, P < 0.001). Percent milk fat was greater for RO than AN cows (P < 0.001). Percent milk protein (P < 0.001) was greater and somatic cell counts (log-transformed; P < 0.001) were less in RO than AN cows. Milk lactose was greater for RO compared with AN cows in June through August (breed x month, P = 0.004). Adjusted weaning BW of calves was similar between EF and EI TF in 2007, but greater for calves from EF than EI TF in 2008 (forage x year, P = 0.03). Rectal temperature was similar between RO cows grazing EF and EI TF, but greater in AN cows grazing EI compared with EF TF in most months (forage x breed x month x year, P < 0.001). Serum prolactin was reduced in both breeds of cows grazing EI TF between April and July of both years and greatest in RO cows grazing EF TF (breed, P < 0.001; forage x month, P < 0.001). These data suggest that RO cows were more thermal-tolerant, but still susceptible to toxins in EI TF as shown by a reduction in serum concentrations of prolactin. However, milk production was not influenced by EI TF as previously observed, but milk fat percent was decreased in early lactation in this group of cows. Milk yield and quality were different between AN and RO cows during the period of lactation observed.

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Section: Rectal Temperature Prolactin and Bw Of Cowssupporting

confidence: 65%

Interaction of breed type and endophyte-infected tall fescue on milk production and quality in beef cattle1

Burke

Coleman²,

Chase³

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Erratic estrous cycles reported in animals consinning diets with endophyte-infested tall fescue or ergotamine tartrate (Jones et al, 2003;Seals et al, 2005: Burke et al, 2006a could be a result of altered luteal function. In preliminary research, large luteal cell number and the number of mitochondria within these cells were increased in heifers grazing (56 d) endophyte-infested tall fescue when compared with control heifers (Ahmed et al, 1990) and corpora lutea weights were similar between diets with or without ergot alkaloids.…”

Section: Reproductivementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Diameters of corpora lutea at embryo recovery were similar between heifers fed seed diets containing ergot alkaloids for 100 d and heifers fed control supplements (Rorie et al, 1998). Likewise, size and number of corpora lutea were similar between ewes fed tall fescue diets with or without ergot alkaloids (Burke et al, 2006a). Genes associated with apoptosis and cell cycle regulation are reported to be expressed differentially in luteal tissue from heifers consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (Jones et al, 2004).…”

Section: Reproductivementioning

confidence: 95%

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BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

Strickland

Looper

Matthews

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

176

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After a brief history of ergot alkaloids and ergotism, this review focuses on the metabolism and mechanisms of action of the ergot alkaloids. The authors provide models of how these alkaloids afflict grazing livestock under complex animal-plant/endophyte-environmental interactions. Alkaloid chemistry is presented to orient the reader to the structure-function relationships that are known to exist. Where appropriate, the medical literature is used to aid interpretation of livestock research and to provide insight into potential modes of action and alkaloid metabolism where these are not known for livestock. In closing the paper, we discuss management of ergot alkaloid intoxication in livestock and future research needs for this field of study.

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“…Porter and Thompson (1992) attributed reduced birth weights of calves from cows on endophyteinfected pastures to reduced blood flow to the uterine areas paired with reduced intake during gestation. After grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue, progesterone levels , a hormone necessary for conception and maintenance of gestation, are reduced in serum in ewes (Burke et al, 2006), horses (Monroe et al, 1988), and heifers (Jones et al, 2003). After exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue, weaned heifers had reduced progesterone concentrations while yearling heifers were not affected, indicating that age and stage of production play a role in the sensitivity and impact of alkaloids on biological functions (Mahmood et al, 1994).…”

Section: Reproductive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

Williamson

Aiken

Flynn³

et al. 2016

Crop Science

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Treatment of toxic endophyte‐infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] with metsulfuran‐methyl {Methyl 2‐[[[[(4‐methoxyl‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl] benzoate}, as delivered by Chaparral herbicide (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) can mitigate fescue toxicosis and enhance forage nutritive value by suppressing seedhead emergence. A grazing experiment was conducted with steers (2013) and heifers (2014) to evaluate animal and plant responses to grazing management of mixed cool‐season grass pastures treated with Chaparral. Continuous and rotational stocking treatments were assigned to six, 3.0‐ha pastures in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and two replications in 2014. Each pasture had six tester animals, and stocking rates were varied using put‐and‐take animals. Pastures were grazed from 16 April to 8 July 2013 and 20 May to 12 Aug. 2014. Pasture carrying capacity was 20% greater for rotational than continuous stocking. Calves on rotationally stocked pastures also had 26% greater average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) gain per hectare than those on the continuous treatment. Pre‐grazed herbage had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) than post‐grazed herbage and herbage from continuously stocked pastures in 2013, but they did not differ in 2014. Crude protein (CP) was lower in post‐graze rotational pasture than in continuous or pre‐graze rotational pasture. Fescue roots in rotationally stocked pastures had greater water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and N concentrations than continuously stocked pastures following the second year of grazing. Results indicated that rotational stocking of Chaparral treated mixed pastures can improve animal performance and pasture productivity.

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Reproductive characteristics of endophyte-infected or novel tall fescue fed ewes

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Interaction of breed type and endophyte-infected tall fescue on milk production and quality in beef cattle1

Interaction of breed type and endophyte-infected tall fescue on milk production and quality in beef cattle1

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

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