Reproductive Characteristics of Cloned Heifers Derived from Adult Somatic Cells1

Enright, Brian; Taneja, M.; Schreiber, David; Riesen, J.W.; Tian, X. Cindy; Fortune, J.E.; Yang, Xiangzhong

doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.2.291

Cited by 80 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previous observations of delayed puberty in clones have already been reported by Enright et al (2002) in a limited number of females from the same set of clones. Our data confirm this observation on clones from three different genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Quality and safety of bovine clones and their products

Heyman

Chavatte‐Palmer

Fromentin³

et al. 2007

Animal

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A multidisciplinary research programme was developed to get a scientific expertise for the quality assessment of products obtained from cloned livestock. Thirty-seven bovine Holstein female clones of five different genotypes and their products were analysed in comparison with 38 control animals obtained by conventional artificial insemination and raised under the same conditions at the same experimental farm. Animal evaluation included over 150 criteria and more than 10 000 measurements to check the physiological status and health over a 3-year period. All the parameters studied were in the normal range for age and breed, but some significant differences were detected between clone and control groups in terms of delayed onset of puberty in clones, higher neutrophil counts in haematology or lower biochemical plasma concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase. Milk and meat analyses were conformable to expected values. We, however, found some differences in fatty acid (FA) composition of milk and muscle suggesting a possible deviation in lipid metabolism as assessed by higher delta-9 desaturase activity indexes in both milk and muscles from clones compared with controls. Repeated muscle biopsies in the semitendinosus muscle of the same animals demonstrated a higher oxidative activity in muscle of young clones (8 months of age) compared with controls, suggesting a delayed muscle maturation in clones. Nutritional evaluation of milk and meat using the rat feeding trials did not show any difference between clone and control products for food intake, growth rate, body composition of the rats, nor for possible allergenicity. Possible reactivation of bovine endogenous retroviruses (BERVs) was analysed and compared between normal and cloned cattle. As expected, these BERV sequences are not transcribed and no RNA was detected in the blood of clones, donor animals or controls; therefore, it may be assumed that the sanitary risk associated with BERV sequences is not higher in cattle derived from somatic nuclear transfer than in cattle born from conventional reproduction. Our results confirm that the quality and safety of products (milk and meat) from adult and clinically healthy cloned cattle is globally similar to normal animals. However, from a strictly biological point of view, the slightly delayed maturation we observed in the muscle of clones together with some marginal differences identified in FA composition of both muscle and milk, point to the need for more refined analysis to totally exclude any risks from the consumption of those products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Quality and safety of bovine clones and their products

Heyman

Chavatte‐Palmer

Fromentin³

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Generally, follicles in the 1 st wave develop in 2-wave IOIs for 10 days, while in 3-wave IOIs it is 7 days, and the emergence of the 2 nd wave begins earlier in 3-wave IOIs and later in 2-wave IOIs (Sartori et al, 2004). The emergence of the 1 st wave in 2-wave IOIs occurs on the 2 nd day, and the ovulatory wave emerges on the 10 th day Ginther et al, 1989;Enright et al, 2002). In 3-wave IOIs the particular follicular growth waves emerge on the 2 nd , 9 th and 16 th day of IOI Ginther et al, 1989;Sartori et al, 2004;Wolfenson et al, 2004 Sartori et al (2004) found statistically conclusive differences in the emergence of the 2 nd wave between 2-wave and 3-wave IOIs in Holstein heifers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the follicular dynamics in heifers of the Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breeds

Šichtař¹,

Tolman²,

Rajmon³

et al. 2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Differences in follicular development and repeatability of follicular growth pattern among Czech Fleckvieh (n = 20) and Holstein (n = 23) heifers were investigated. Follicular dynamics was evaluated by daily sonographic scanning during three interovulatory intervals. The mean duration of the interovulatory interval was 20.66 ± 0.32 days, no differences between breeds were observed. The proportion of the nonalterna-ting pattern was nearly the same as that of the alternating pattern (54% and 46%, respectively). The majority of IOIs ≤ 21 days were of the 2-wave pattern (71%) whereas only 29% of them were of the 3-wave pattern. Conversely, the majority of IOIs ≥ 22 days were of the 3-wave pattern (84%), whereas only 16% were of the 2-wave pattern. Differences could be observed in the Czech Fleckvieh heifers. Comparing 2-and 3-wave interovulatory intervals, 44.2% of the heifers exhibited 3 waves and 55.8% of the heifers exhibited 2 waves of follicular growth. The ratio of 3-to 2-wave heifers was about the same in the Holstein breed; in Czech Fleckvieh 2-wave cycles slightly dominated (11/12, 8/12; respectively). In Holstein heifers, the first follicular wave occurred 0.92 ± 0.15 days after ovulation in 2-wave interovulatory intervals, and the emergence of the first wave in 2-wave Czech Fleckvieh heifers appeared later (P < 0.05), 1.83 ± 0.3 days after ovulation. The maximal size reached by the dominant follicles in all animals and in the Czech Fleckvieh differed in the first and in the second wave of 2-wave cycles (P < 0.05). In 3-wave interovulatory intervals the dominant follicles in the second wave differed (P < 0.05) from the mean diameters of the first and the third wave in the Czech Fleckvieh. The ovulatory follicles were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller in 2-wave than in 3-wave interovulatory intervals among all animals and between the Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh heifers. In conclusion, we found a similar pattern of ovarian follicular dynamics in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein heifers kept under identical nutritional and environmental conditions. Whether the significant difference in the emergence of the 1 st follicular wave in 2-wave IOIs between C and H heifers is of real biological significance is ambiguous.

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“…Four of these clones, all derived from cumulus cells, survived and are healthy. We have studied their telomere lengths (7), expression of X-linked genes (1), onset of puberty (8), growth endocrinology (9), and behavior (10). All animal use was approved by the institutional animal care and use committees at the University of Connecticut (dairy) or the Kagoshima Prefectural Institute of Cattle Breeding and Development (beef).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat and milk compositions of bovine clones

Tian

Kubota²,

Sakashita

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The technology is now available for commercial cloning of farm animals for food production, but is the food safe for consumers? Here, we provide data on >100 parameters that compare the composition of meat and milk from beef and dairy cattle derived from cloning to those of genetic-and breed-matched control animals from conventional reproduction. The cloned animals and the comparators were managed under the same conditions and received the same diet. The composition of the meat and milk from the clones were largely not statistically different from those of matched comparators, and all parameters examined were within the normal industry standards or previously reported values. The data generated from our match-controlled experiments provide science-based information desired by regulatory agencies to address public concerns about the safety of meat and milk from somatic animal clones.cloned cattle ͉ food safety ͉ clone health

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Reproductive Characteristics of Cloned Heifers Derived from Adult Somatic Cells1

Cited by 80 publications

References 44 publications

Quality and safety of bovine clones and their products

Quality and safety of bovine clones and their products

A comparison of the follicular dynamics in heifers of the Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breeds

Meat and milk compositions of bovine clones

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