Reproductive biology of the dioecious Canary Islands endemic <i>Withania aristata</i> (Solanaceae)

Anderson, Gregory J.; Bernardello, Gabriel; Opel, Matthew R.; Santos‐Guerra, Arnoldo; Anderson, Mona

doi:10.3732/ajb.93.9.1295

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…, 1995; Barrett, 1996; Bernardello et al. , 2001; Farwig, Randrianirina & Voigt, 2004; Anderson et al. , 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination biology of a night-flowering Galápagos endemic,Ipomoea habeliana(Convolvulaceae)

McMullen

2009

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Ipomoea habeliana is an endemic, night‐flowering member of the Galápagos flora. Pollination experiments, flower‐visitor observations, nectar sampling, pollen transfer, and pollen to ovule ratio and pollen size studies were included in this project. The large, white flowers of this species set fruit via open pollination (55%), autonomous autogamy (51%), facilitated autogamy (91%), cross‐pollination (80%), diurnal open pollination (60%) and nocturnal open pollination (60%). Fruit set is pollen‐limited. Ants, beetles, crickets and hawk moths regularly visit the flowers. Ants are the most frequent visitors, but hawk moths are the only effective pollinators. Nectar is available throughout the night, but is most abundant early in the evening when hawk moth visits are most frequent. Experiments with fluorescent dust demonstrate intra‐ and inter‐plant pollen movement by hawk moths. Although this species is adapted for hawk moth pollination, it readily sets fruit via autonomous autogamy when no visits are made. Thus, it is concluded that it is facultatively xenogamous. Additional support for this conclusion is provided by the pollen to ovule ratio of 1407 and by the fact that the plants grow in a region that has few or no faithful pollinators. Conservation efforts for I. habeliana should include hand pollinations, which could significantly increase seed set. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160, 11–20.

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“…, 1995; Barrett, 1996; Bernardello et al. , 2001; Farwig, Randrianirina & Voigt, 2004; Anderson et al. , 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination biology of a night-flowering Galápagos endemic,Ipomoea habeliana(Convolvulaceae)

McMullen

2009

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…W. ashwagandha, has a similar floral architecture as well as mating system to W. somnifera. Reproductive biology and breeding systems of W. somnifera and W. aristata has been extensively studied ( Kaul et al, 2005, Lattoo et al, 2007, Anderson et al, 2006, Singh, 2009and Mir et al, 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides quality improvement of medicinal plants, cultivation of medicinal plants is a challenging task because less is known about their reproductive and seed biology (Anderson and Hill, 2002, Anderson et al, 2006, Neal and Anderson, 2005and Kaul et al, 2005. Equally important is the pollination behavior of the species which is an integral part of reproductive biology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive biology of Withania ashwagandha sp. novo (Solanaceae)

Mir

Koul

Soodan

2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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Withania ashwagandha Kaul (Solanaceae) is an annual plant species of immense medicinal importance. It is a repository of a large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides. Evidence for the delimitation of the species from W. somnifera has been provided by our group using multidisciplinary approaches. Knowledge of reproductive biology of medicinal plants is crucial for improvement, effective conservation and management plans to evolve genetically superior varieties. The present paper reports our findings on the floral biology, pollination behavior and breeding system of W. ashwagandha in natural populations grown at our experimental field under near natural conditions. Flowering (peak) takes place during April-July and anthesis occurs between 08:00 and 11:00 h. The period of stigma receptivity coincides with anther dehiscence. Fruit set on pollination treatments ranged from 90.8% (passive autogamy), 72% (assisted autogamy), 30.30% (xenogamy), and 56.50% (geitonogamy) through 50.40% (open pollination). Xenogamy brings about very low fruit set, seed-set and seed germination percentages. It is inferred that W. ashwagandha is predominantly an autogamous and self-compatible species. Self-compatibility is mainly accomplished due to close proximity of stigma and anthers. This work is the first report on the reproductive biology of W. ashwagandha and will be useful for conservation and development of improved varieties of this multipurpose herb. Highlights► Reproductive biology of W. ashwagandha Kaul was reported first time.► We report the species to be highly self compatible due to close proximity of stigma and anthers.► The period of stigma receptivity coincides with anther dehiscence. ► Fruit set on pollination treatments ranged between 90.8% (passive autogamy) and 30.30% (xenogamy).► Xenogamy brings about very low fruit set, seed-set and seed germination percentages.

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“…Although data are accumulating on aspects of the reproductive biology of various Azorean (Pereira, 2008) and Canarian endemics (e.g. Calero and Santos-Guerra, 1993;Anderson et al, 2006;Dupont and Olesen, 2006;Crawford et al, 2008;Rodríguez-Rodríguez and Valido, 2008), a broad knowledge of this aspect of the flora in all Macaronesian archipelagos is lacking, which impedes understanding of the biological implications of most population genetic studies (e.g. Caujapé -Castells et al, 2008a, b).…”

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confidence: 99%