Reproductive biology of isolated fern gametophytes

Peck, Carol J.

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-11765

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(273 reference statements)

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“…Homosporous pteridophytes mainly undergo intragametophytic selfing (Haufler et al, ; Kato, ; Klekowski, ). Theoretically, this way could ensure that each reproductive spore can establish a new population (Peck, ; Peck, Peck, & Farrar, ; Schneller & Holderegger, ; Suter, Schneller, & Vogel, ; Vogel et al, ). However, for heterosporous lycophytes, their sexual reproduction depends completely on female and male gametophytes produced by megaspores and microspore germinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the complementary relationship of surface ornamentations between megaspores and microspores of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae)

Wang

Zhang

Liu

2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In the present study, the surface ornamentations of both megaspores and microspores of 20 species of Selaginella were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results of the present study showed that the megaspore surface ornamentations are complementary to the corresponding microspore surface ornamentations. In detail, reticulate surface ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to granulate and baculate ornamentations of microspores; verrucate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to scabrate ornamentation of microspores; granulate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to verrucate-rugulate or verrucate ornamentations of microspores; verrucate-rugulate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to spinulate, verrucate, or verrucate-rugulate ornamentations of microspores; tuberculate ornamentation of megaspores is complementary to lamellate, tuberculate or verrucate ornamentations of microspores. Complementary ornamentation between megaspores and microspores allows microspores to adhere to megaspores. Our observations support the "synaptospory" hypothesis, that is, spore surface ornamentation plays a part in keeping or bringing spores together during their dispersal in the pteridophytes. K E Y W O R D SSelaginella, spore, spore dispersal, synaptospory

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the complementary relationship of surface ornamentations between megaspores and microspores of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae)

Wang

Zhang

Liu

2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…However, none of the sexual diploid progenitors occur east of the Mississippi River, reinforcing the idea that extended dry periods may play a crucial role in the origin of fern apomixis. The selective establishment of apomictic pellaeids in eastern North America likely reflects the scattered distribution of suitable habitats (i.e., exposed rock outcrops), coupled with the demonstrably superior ability of apomicts to colonize distant, downwind locations based on long‐distance dispersal by single spores (Peck, 1985).…”

Section: Empirical Evidence For the Establishment Of Obligate Apomiximentioning

confidence: 99%

A drought‐driven model for the evolution of obligate apomixis in ferns: evidence from pellaeids (Pteridaceae)

Grusz

Windham

Picard

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise Xeric environments impose major constraints on the fern life cycle, yet many lineages overcome these limitations by evolving apomixis. Here, we synthesize studies of apomixis in ferns and present an evidence‐based model for the evolution and establishment of this reproductive strategy, focusing on genetic and environmental factors associated with its two defining traits: the production of “unreduced” spores (n = 2n) and the initiation of sporophytes from gametophyte tissue (i.e., diplospory and apogamy, respectively). Methods We evaluated existing literature in light of the hypothesis that abiotic characteristics of desert environments (e.g., extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations, high light intensity, and water limitation) drive the evolution of obligate apomixis. Pellaeid ferns (Cheilanthoideae: Pteridaceae) were examined in detail, as an illustrative example. We reconstructed a plastid (rbcL, trnG–trnR, atpA) phylogeny for the clade and mapped reproductive mode (sexual versus apomictic) and ploidy across the resulting tree. Results Our six‐stage model for the evolution of obligate apomixis in ferns emphasizes the role played by drought and associated abiotic conditions in the establishment of this reproductive approach. Furthermore, our updated phylogeny of pellaeid ferns reveals repeated origins of obligate apomixis and shows an increase in the frequency of apomixis, and rarity of sexual reproduction, among taxa inhabiting increasingly dry North American deserts. Conclusions Our findings reinforce aspects of other evolutionary, physiological, developmental, and omics‐based studies, indicating a strong association between abiotic factors and the establishment of obligate apomixis in ferns. Water limitation, in particular, appears critical to establishment of this reproductive mode.

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Section: Reproductive Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High intragametophytic selfing (78%) has been observed in D. carthusiana but it was lower (35%) in D. dilatata (Seifert 1992). Intragametophytic selfing rates in D. carthusiana reported from North America are variable, ranging from 14 to 86% (Cousens 1975;Peck 1985;Flinn 2006;Somer et al 2010). Enzyme electrophoresis studies of D. expansa in the USA (Soltis & Soltis 1987) revealed substantial variation in the inbreeding coefficient (or fixation index, F) among natural populations, from )0.014 to 0.745 (mean = 0.335).…”

Section: ( E ) R E P R O D U C T I O N O F G a M E T O P H Y T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata and D. expansa

Rünk

Zobel

2012

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs, D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, and D. expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy that are relevant to an understanding of their ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, reproductive characteristics, herbivores, history, and conservation. 2. All three species are native deciduous ferns that are morphologically similar and genetically interrelated. Dryopteris dilatata, one of the commonest ferns in the British Isles, is found in many different habitats, but is above all a woodland species. Dryopteris carthusiana is less widely distributed, being mostly a species of wetlands and wet woodlands. Dryopteris expansa is the least common, mostly found in mountains, but also in wet woodlands at lower altitudes. 3. Dryopteris dilatata is mainly a species of semi-shade, and in the British Isles is considered to be the most shade-tolerant of the three. Dryopteris carthusiana occurs in a wide range of habitats, from exposed, well-illuminated to moderately shaded ones. Dryopteris expansa mainly grows in better illuminated habitats, often in the shade of sparse canopies or rocks. D. expansa is thus the most light-demanding species of the three. 4. The response to competition from neighbouring herbs has been shown to differ among the three species; D. expansa is clearly more vulnerable to competition than D. carthusiana and D. dilatata. 6. Although not currently threatened, the distribution of all three species may be susceptible to continued habitat loss arising from changes in land use, management for control of Bracken and predicted climate change.

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Reproductive biology of isolated fern gametophytes

Cited by 4 publications

References 118 publications

Studies on the complementary relationship of surface ornamentations between megaspores and microspores of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae)

Studies on the complementary relationship of surface ornamentations between megaspores and microspores of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae)

A drought‐driven model for the evolution of obligate apomixis in ferns: evidence from pellaeids (Pteridaceae)

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dryopteris carthusiana, D. dilatata and D. expansa

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