Reproductive biology and species geographical distribution in the Melastomataceae: a survey based on New World taxa

Santos, Ana Paula Milla dos; Fracasso, Carla Magioni; Santos, Mirley Luciene dos; Romero, Rosana; Sazima, Marlies; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio

doi:10.1093/aob/mcs125

Cited by 69 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…We have observed bees visiting numerous flowers on a single individual of L. imbricata and other congeners on the Serra do Cipó and elsewhere in campo rupestre habitats before moving on to another plant. Since L. imbricata has recently been shown to be self-compatible (Santos et al 2012), it appears that geitonogamy (within plant-between flower pollination) is potentially common in this species. Lavoisiera imbricata is the most widely distributed species in the genus; it is possible that a self-compatible breeding system has been a contributing factor to its extraordinary variation, abundance, and colonizing ability.…”

Section: Floral Biology and Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae)

Martins

Almeda

2017

Phytotaxa

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A systematic monograph is presented for Lavoisiera, a Brazilian endemic genus of 41 species that is centered in the campo rupestre ecoregion in the Brazilian Planalto south of the Amazon basin, mostly west of the Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Rainforest), and east of the Pantanal. The stronghold for species diversity is the state of Minas Gerais with 36 species, 30 of which are endemic there. This study represents the first comprehensive monograph of the genus based on field work across its distributional range, complemented by examination of over 3620 specimens from 35 herbaria. An evaluation of taxonomic characters used in the long-standing sectional classification of the genus has led to its abandonment because it is based on artificial characters and does not provide a sound working hypothesis of infrageneric relationships. Eight new species are described: L. arachnoidea, L. belinelloi, L. canastrensis, L. daviesiana, L. minima, L. rundeliana, L. setosa, and L. vestita; lectotypifications are provided for L. caryophyllea, L. chamaepitys, L. glandulifera, L. pulchella, and L. senae; and 44 epithets are relegated to synonymy. An identification key, full synonymy, descriptions, habitat and phenological information, distribution maps, diagnostic illustrations, images of representative species in the field, and geospatial conservation assessments are provided for all species based on IUCN criteria. SEM images of seed morphology are presented for nearly half of the species along with camera lucida drawings of meiotic chromosome figures for selected species, and an index to numbered collections examined.Key words: campo rupestre, Cerrado biome, conservation, endemism, Myrtales, neotropics ResumoApresentamos uma monografia sistemática para Lavoisiera, um gênero brasileiro endêmico com 41 espécies, cuja ocorrência é centrada na ecorregião de campo rupestre no Planalto Brasileiro, ao sul da Bacia Amazônica, principalmente a oeste da Mata Atlântica, e a leste do Pantanal. O principal reduto da diversidade de espécies do gênero é o estado de Minas Gerais, com 36 espécies, 30 das quais são ali endêmicas. Este estudo representa a primeira monografia abrangente do gênero baseada em trabalho de campo, cobrindo toda a extensão de sua área de distribuição, e complementado pelo exame de mais de 3620 espécimes de 35 herbários. Uma avaliação dos caracteres taxonômicos tradicionalmente utilizados na classificação seccional do gênero nos levou ao abandono da mesma, por ser baseada em caracteres artificiais e não fornecer uma hipótese operacional sólida sobre as relações infragenéricas. Oito novas espécies são descritas:vestita; lectotipificações são apresentadas para L. caryrophyllea, L. chamaepitys, L. pulchella e L. senae; e 44 epítetos são reduzidos à sinonímia. Uma chave de identificação, sinonímia completa, descrições, habitat, informações• Phytotaxa 315 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press fenológicas, mapas de distribuição, ilustrações diagnósticas, imagens de espécies representativas no campo, e análises geoespaciais de conservaçã...

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Section: Floral Biology and Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available information on the breeding system of Lavoisiera imbricata suggests that it is both self-compatible (Santos et al 2012) and allogamous (Maia et al 2016) with regular meiosis and the production of fertile pollen and seeds. Chromosome number information is still needed for many species of Lavoisiera.…”

Section: Photographic Images:-figures 2g Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae)

Martins

Almeda

2017

Phytotaxa

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“…Moreover, the degradation of the environment in early restoration areas may limit the availability of pollinators (Kremen et al 2007). In this sense, plants that reproduce through selfing have the advantage of reproductive assurance (Pannell & Barrett 1998;Moeller & Geber 2005;Santos et al 2012), but may suffer disadvantages related to high inbreeding rates (Lande & Schemske 1985;Herlihy & Eckert 2002;Maia et al 2017). On the other hand, self-incompatible plants avoid inbreeding (Lande & Schemske 1985), but may be unsuccessful in areas with limited availability of pollinators and mates (Pannell & Barrett 1998;Scobie & Wilcock 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding system and pollination of Pleroma trichopodum DC. (Melastomataceae): a potential species for the restoration of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil

2018

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Plant-pollinator interactions and their reproductive implications are of central importance to the organization of plant populations and communities in restoration areas. We studied the breeding system and flower visitors of Pleroma trichopodum, a pioneer species of the Atlantic Forest. We attempted to answer three questions: (1) Is P. trichopodum dependent on pollinators and mates for reproduction? (2) What are the pollinators of P. trichopodum? (3) Do tree flower-density and flowering-tree density of P. trichopodum enhance the visitation rate of focal trees and their flowers? We tested the breeding system through pollination treatments. We performed focal observations on 10 trees and analyzed the relationship between tree and flower visitation rates, and the tree flower-density and flowering-tree density with Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Pleroma trichopodum sets fruits by selfing and outcrossing, both of which occur only through pollinator visits. Bees visited P. trichopodum, and their visitation increased with tree flower-density. Thus, individuals with greater floral displays may function as magnet species, enhancing the pollination of nearby plant species. This characteristic, allied with the ability to reproduce without a mate (selfing) and a tolerance of soggy soils, make P. trichopodum a candidate for Atlantic Forest restoration.

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“…However, recent studies have shown that agamic complexes may contain considerable genetic variability (Grant , Carman , Hörandl and Paun ), indicating dynamic and flexible systems. In addition, apomictic species are capable of occupying more diverse habitats due to their lesser dependence of pollinator services, compared to sexual and self‐incompatible species (Bierzychudek , Hörandl , Hörandl and Paun , Hörandl et al , Santos et al ). Apomixis enables plants to reproduce and disperse from a single individual, allowing ‘hopeful monsters’ (Goldschmidt ) adapted to a new habitat to form stable populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyploidy and apomixis provide the genetic basis of variability that give taxa greater adaptability to diverse habitats (Bierzychudek , Hörandl , Hörandl and Paun , Hörandl et al ). Because apomictic plants can bypass pollination and still produce seeds they can be widely distributed also in stressful habitats (Santos et al ). Due to their independence on pollinator services, it has been suggested that apomictic species are capable of occupying more diverse environments, (Bierzychudek , Hörandl and Paun , Hörandl et al ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytology and sexuality of 11 species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) in limestone karsts suggests that apomixis is a recurring phenomenon

Mallik

et al. 2017

Nordic Journal of Botany

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Limestone karsts across southern China to southeastern Asia are renowned biodiversity hotspots. The karst are characterized by exposed calcareous rocks, seasonal droughts and thin soils that are deficient in N and P but with high Ca and Mg content. The stressful habitat may result in high biodiversity through mechanisms such as niche differentiation, hybridization, polyploidy and apomixis. The genus Elatostema (Urticaceae) has particularily high species diversity in this area and can be used a model genus to explore the mechanisms of speciation. We conducted cytological studies on 11 species of Elatostema from 12 populations in Guangxi, China. We found five populations to be diploid (2n = 26), and seven triploid populations (2n = 39). We infer x = 13 as the basic chromosome number of Elatostema. The chromosome numbers 2n = 26 and 2n = 39 were both found in populations of E. longistipulum, indicating that this species comprise both diploids and triploids. Both male and female plants of Elatostema were found to be diploid. In contrast, the triploids found were all female plants, and these produce seeds, presumably by apomixis. We found no clear relationship between ploidy level or reproductive pathway and endemism in Elatostema which might be because Elatostema species are wind‐pollinated and independent of biotic pollinators. However, a random sample of 11 karst species revealed that ca 2/3 appeared to be apomictic, suggesting that it is a widespread reproductive strategy of Elatostema in the limestone karsts of Guangxi. Apomixis enables plants to reproduce and disperse from a single individual, allowing ‘hopeful monsters’ adapted to a new habitat to form stable populations.

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Reproductive biology and species geographical distribution in the Melastomataceae: a survey based on New World taxa

Cited by 69 publications

References 70 publications

A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae)

A Monograph of the Brazilian endemic genus Lavoisiera (Melastomataceae: Microlicieae)

Breeding system and pollination of Pleroma trichopodum DC. (Melastomataceae): a potential species for the restoration of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil

Cytology and sexuality of 11 species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) in limestone karsts suggests that apomixis is a recurring phenomenon

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