Reproductive and hormonal factors and ovarian cancer

Chiaffarino, Francesça; Pelucchi, Claudio; Parazzini, Fabio; Negri, Eva; Franceschi, Silvia; Talamini, Renato; Conti, E.; Montella, Maurizio; Vecchia, Carlo La

doi:10.1023/a:1011128408146

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The findings on pattern of relative risk for ages 25 and 35 years at delivery are consistent with the results in Pike et al's study (10). Increasing parity has consistently been shown to reduce ovarian cancer risk in epidemiologic studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), an association that was also confirmed in the current study (data not shown). More importantly, we were able to show that the risk of ovarian cancer is reduced soon after a birth and the protective effect diminished with time, consistent with the hypothesis of a pregnancy-induced clearance effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Prospective Study of the Transient Decrease in Ovarian Cancer Risk Following Childbirth

Liu

Lambe

Baik

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Increasing parity has consistently been shown to reduce risk of ovarian cancer (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). There is also epidemiologic evidence that the risk of ovarian cancer is lower in women who have an older age at first birth (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Study of the Transient Decrease in Ovarian Cancer Risk Following Childbirth

Liu

Lambe

Baik

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…21 Cases were 1,031 women under 79 years of age with incident ovarian cancer admitted to major teaching and general hospitals in the areas under study. Controls were 2,411 women resident in the same geographic areas and admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for acute, non-neoplastic conditions unrelated to known or potential risk factors for ovarian cancer (26% traumas, 28% nontraumatic orthopedic disorders, 15% surgical conditions and 31% miscellaneous other illnesses).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term effects of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk

Bosetti

Negri

Trichopoulos³

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiologic studies conducted since the late 1970s have reported a protective effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) from ovarian cancer and a stronger reduction of risk for longer duration of use. 1-3 An indication of a favorable impact of OC on ovarian carcinogenesis comes also from descriptive epidemiology. In several developed countries, young women have shown substantial decreases in incidence of and mortality from ovarian cancer, and the downward trends are greater in countries where OCs are widely used. 4 -7 However, there remain open issues on the relation between OC use and ovarian cancer, including a better quantification of timerelated factors, notably time since last use, age at first use and time since first use. Some of the studies that have considered time since last OC use have reported that the favorable effect of OCs on ovarian cancer risk persists for at least 15 years after stopping use. 2,8 -11 A few studies, however, have assessed the risk with longer time since last use. 12-16 A cohort analysis of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality rates in U.S. women over the period 1970 -1995 7 indicated that the relative decrease in incidence is greater before age 50. There is, therefore, a suggestion that the protection declines with time since last use, but the data are inconclusive. 2 In addition, few studies have simultaneously addressed all time factors, so the possibility of residual confounding in some of these studies cannot be excluded.To clarify the time relation between OC use and ovarian cancer risk, we conducted a collaborative reanalysis of European casecontrol studies of epithelial ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODSIn the present analysis, data from 6 case-control studies conducted in the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy were combined, i.e., all studies on OC and ovarian cancer published from Europe. The study design and methods have already been described. 12 Briefly, the first was a hospital-based investigation conducted in London and Oxford, UK, between 1978 and 1983. 17 Cases were 235 women under 65 years of age with epithelial ovarian cancer; controls were 451 women of comparable age, hospitalized for gastrointestinal diseases (23%), bone or joint diseases including fractures (22%) and a large number of other diagnostic categories, each including Ͻ10% of the total number of controls.The second study included 150 patients with malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary, admitted during 1980 and 1981 to 10 large hospitals of the Greater Athens area, Greece, 18 and 250 controls of similar age, hospitalized in the same time period in Athens hospitals for orthopedic conditions (among which 62% were traumas).The third study included 189 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer admitted to 2 major hospitals in Athens between 1989 and 1991. 19 Controls were 200 women, resident in the Greater Athens area, visitors of patients hospitalized in the same ward as cases in the same time period. Both cases and controls were below 75 years of age.The fourth study was a hospital-based investigatio...

show abstract

“…Principal investigators from each eligible study were invited to participate. Of the 48 eligible studies identifi ed (including one multicentre international study 25,31,36 ) all but three [48][49][50] contributed to the collaboration. Individual data could not be retrieved by the investigators from two of these three studies 48,49 and investigators for the third 50 could not be located.…”

Section: Identifi Cation Of Studies and Collection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23 257 women with ovarian cancer and 87 303 controls

Beral¹,

Doll

Hermon³

et al. 2008

The Lancet

670

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBackground Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health eff ects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these eff ects.Methods Individual data for 23 257 women with ovarian cancer (cases) and 87 303 without ovarian cancer (controls) from 45 epidemiological studies in 21 countries were checked and analysed centrally. The relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use was estimated, stratifying by study, age, parity, and hysterectomy.Findings Overall 7308 (31%) cases and 32 717 (37%) controls had ever used oral contraceptives, for average durations among users of 4·4 and 5·0 years, respectively. The median year of cancer diagnosis was 1993, when cases were aged an average of 56 years. The longer that women had used oral contraceptives, the greater the reduction in ovarian cancer risk (p<0·0001). This reduction in risk persisted for more than 30 years after oral contraceptive use had ceased but became somewhat attenuated over time-the proportional risk reductions per 5 years of use were 29% (95% CI 23-34%) for use that had ceased less than 10 years previously, 19% (14-24%) for use that had ceased 10-19 years previously, and 15% (9-21%) for use that had ceased 20-29 years previously. Use during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s was associated with similar proportional risk reductions, although typical oestrogen doses in the 1960s were more than double those in the 1980s. The incidence of mucinous tumours (12% of the total) seemed little aff ected by oral contraceptives, but otherwise the proportional risk reduction did not vary much between diff erent histological types. In high-income countries, 10 years use of oral contraceptives was estimated to reduce ovarian cancer incidence before age 75 from 1·2 to 0·8 per 100 users and mortality from 0·7 to 0·5 per 100; for every 5000 woman-years of use, about two ovarian cancers and one death from the disease before age 75 are prevented.Interpretation Use of oral contraceptives confers long-term protection against ovarian cancer. These fi ndings suggest that oral contraceptives have already prevented some 200 000 ovarian cancers and 100 000 deaths from the disease, and that over the next few decades the number of cancers prevented will rise to at least 30 000 per year.

show abstract

Reproductive and hormonal factors and ovarian cancer

Abstract: This uniquely large study confirms and further quantities the relation between hormonal and reproductive factors and ovarian cancer. The pattern of risk observed cannot be totally explained by a role of ovulation in ovarian carcinogenesis.

Cited by 93 publications

References 21 publications

A Prospective Study of the Transient Decrease in Ovarian Cancer Risk Following Childbirth

A Prospective Study of the Transient Decrease in Ovarian Cancer Risk Following Childbirth

Long‐term effects of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer risk

Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23 257 women with ovarian cancer and 87 303 controls

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About