Reproduction in the Dog and Cat

Concannon, Patrick W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057109-6.50021-5

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Other captive-held felids demonstrate reproductive seasonality, although not as pronounced as that of the Pallas' cat. In northern latitudes, the duration of the breeding season has been reported to be 8 months (February-September) in the domestic cat [Concannon, 1991], 9 months (November-July) in the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) [Brown et al, 1995], 7 months (January-June) in the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris) [Seal et al, 1985], and 5 months (December-April) in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) [Schmidt et al, 1993]. Not all felids exhibit a circannual pattern, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul)

Brown

Graham

et al. 2002

Zoo Biology

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Fecal samples were collected for 14-26 months from three male and six female Pallas' cats (Otocolobus manul) to examine gonadal steroidogenic activity in response to changes in photoperiod and treatment with exogenous gonadotropins. Females exhibited a seasonal anestrus from May-December, excreting consistently low concentrations of fecal estrogens (overall mean, 50.278.5 ng/g). During the breeding season (January-April), baseline fecal estrogen concentrations were higher, averaging 128.4718.9 ng/g, with peak concentrations ranging from 455.8-909.6 ng/g. Interpeak intervals in estrogen excretion ranged between 7 and 21 days, with an average estrous cycle length of 14.371.7 days. Two females became pregnant after natural mating, with overall luteal progestogen concentrations averaging B40 mg/g throughout gestation. Fecal estrogens increased in mid-gestation, peaking just before birth. Induction of follicular development with eCG (100-300 IU, i.m.) resulted in an increase in fecal estrogens (peak range, 263.1-1198.1 ng/g), followed by a postovulatory increase in fecal progestogens (overall mean, 41.1711.9 mg/g) after hCG (75-150 IU, i.m.). Despite apparently normal ovarian responses, none of the females conceived after artificial insemination (AI). The gonadotropin-induced nonpregnant luteal phase lasted 49.875.3 days (range, 30-60 days), whereas gestation lasted B70 days. In the male Pallas' cat, fecal androgens were elevated from November-April (overall ). Entrainment of seasonality to photoperiod was demonstrated by stimulation of gonadal steroidogenic activity in cats exposed to increasing artificial light during natural (nonbreeding season) and artificially induced short-day photoperiods. In summary, reproduction in Pallas' cats is highly seasonal and photoperiod-dependent. Females exhibit elevated baseline and peak fecal estrogen concentrations for 3-4 months during late winter/early spring. Testicular steroidogenic activity precedes the rise in female estrogen excretion by about 2 months, presumably to ensure maximal sperm production during the breeding season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul)

Brown

Graham

et al. 2002

Zoo Biology

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“…It may be specific to mammary tissue and is not found in the uterus of the mouse (Muldoon, 1987). Such a specific mechanism of induction of ER could explain the differences observed between mammary and uterine tissues in the bitch, as prolactin seems to be mainly secreted during the second half of the luteal phase (Concannon, 1991). The high mammary concentrations of ER found at the mid-luteal phase could thus take their origin from induction by prolactin.…”

Section: Comparison Between Mammary and Uterine Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The LH peak was retrospectively defined as the 8th day before cytological metoestrus (Concannon, 1991). Particular care was taken not to alter the main vascular supplies of the mammary chain and the uterus.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily examination of the animals allowed the detection of the first day of pro-oestrus, characterized by vaginal swelling and bleeding. Vaginal smears and blood samples were then collected daily until cytological metoestrus (Concannon, 1991). After the onset of metoestrus, vaginal smears and blood samples were collected twice weekly until anoestrus.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deep vaginal smears were fixed and stained using the Harris-SchiSrr method and analysed according to Concannon (1991).…”

Section: Vaginal Smearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in oestrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptor concentrations and affinities during the oestrous cycle in the normal mammary gland and uterus of dogs

et al. 1995

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Changes in the concentrations and affinities of receptors for oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF-R) were studied in mammary glands of healthy bitches with regard to age, the location in the mammary chain and the stage of the oestrous cycle. Uterus was used as the reference tissue for the evaluation of steroid receptors. Mammary and uterine samples from 7 healthy bitches were taken at five stages of the oestrous cycle in such a way that all the locations in the mammary chain were represented at each stage of the cycle (10 samples/dog). ER, PR and EGF-R were detected by biochemical assays using increasing concentrations of tritiated (steroids) or iodinated (EGF) ligands. A significant direct correlation was found between the ER and PR concentrations for mammary and uterine samples. No significant correlation was found between the steroid receptors and EGF-R concentrations. Mammary ER concentrations were significantly higher in bitches of 5 years of age or older than in younger ones; in posterior glands (4th and 5th pairs) than in anterior glands; and in the mid-luteal phase. Mammary PR did not vary significantly with age or location but was significantly lower in the early luteal phase than in other phases. A similar decrease in PR concentrations was observed in the uterus during the early luteal phase and uterine ER and PR concentrations were very low in the mid-luteal phase. Mammary EGF-R were not significantly higher in the early or mid-luteal phase than in pro-oestrus or anoestrus. The differences observed between the uterine and mammary steroid receptor concentrations during the oestrous cycle could be due to different mechanisms for regulating steroid receptor expression in the two tissues. Mammary EGF-R concentrations may be linked, as in other species, to cellular proliferation and/or to the serum progesterone concentrations.

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2014

Free‐Ranging Cats

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Reproduction in the Dog and Cat

Cited by 24 publications

References 95 publications

Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul)

Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul)

Changes in oestrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptor concentrations and affinities during the oestrous cycle in the normal mammary gland and uterus of dogs

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