Reproduction and development of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in the Barents Sea

Melle, Webjørn; Skjoldal, Hein Rune

doi:10.3354/meps169211

Cited by 133 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, there is conflicting evidence on this issue at present. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Plourde & Runge 1993) and in the Norwegian Sea (Melle & Skjoldal 1998), no eggs were spawned until the development of the phytoplankton bloom. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, pre-bloom food limitation was demonstrated, as non-egg-producing females captured before the spring bloom and maintained in high food levels in the laboratory produced eggs well before their field counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms and zooplankton productivity and abundance in the Gulf of Maine during winter

Durbin¹,

Campbell²,

Casas³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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An anomalous winter phytoplankton bloom was observed across the central Gulf of Maine during a winter cruise in late February 1999, but not during a similar mission to the same region in late February 2000. During the cruise in 1999, 0 to 40 m mean chl a concentrations were >2 µg l -1 , while in 2000 total chl a concentrations were <1.0, and > 5 µm size fractions were < 0.5 µg l -1. The presence of the bloom in 1999 could not be explained in terms of the critical depth hypothesis given conditions present at the time of the bloom. The large amount of colder, lower-salinity Scotian Shelf water present at the surface of the central Gulf of Maine in 1999 may have provided conditions suitable for the initiation of the bloom earlier during the winter. The presence of the winter bloom had a major effect on higher trophic levels. Zooplankton were >10 × more abundant in 1999 and included species typically not present in the central Gulf during winter. All developmental stages of planktonic copepods were present, including large numbers of older copepodid stages of species such as Calanus finmarchicus, indicating that the bloom had been proceeding for some time. RNA:DNA ratios of surface C. finmarchicus stage C5 and adult females were at or near maximum temperature-dependent values in 1999, but were considerably reduced in 2000. Egg production rates of C. finmarchicus were high in1999 but reduced in 2000. Both showed a curvilinear relationship with chl a. Analysis of gonads of females of other copepod species indicate similar between-year differences in reproductive rates. We suggest that the presence of the winter bloom in the central Gulf of Maine allows an extra generation of C. finmarchicus and other copepods to develop, leading to a buildup of the population during winter. This will have significant effects on downstream regions such as Georges Bank, which depend on re-supply from the Gulf of Maine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms and zooplankton productivity and abundance in the Gulf of Maine during winter

Durbin¹,

Campbell²,

Casas³

et al. 2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This indicates a clear seasonality of food available. The animals from early spring in the northern Barents Sea were collected before or at the beginning of the spring bloom (Melle & Skjoldal 1998) and had low levels of diatom FATM compared to animals collected later in spring at the same location, and from summer and autumn in Kongsfjorden and the Fram Strait East and West.…”

Section: Fatty Acids and Alcohols Of Wax Estersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus

Falk‐Petersen

Mayzaud

Kattner

et al. 2008

Marine Biology Research

410

351

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The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phytoplankton into high-energy wax esters. In this paper we review the overwintering strategy, seasonal migration, stage development, life span, feeding strategy, body size, lipid biochemistry and the geographic distribution of the three dominant Calanus species in Arctic waters. We then relate these parameters to other biotic and abiotic factors, such as the timing of the Arctic phytoplankton and ice algae bloom, sea ice cover and climate variability. We also present new data on fatty acid and fatty alcohol content in the three Calanus species in addition to reviewing the available literature on these topics. These data are analysed for species homogeneity and geographic grouping. The dominance of diatom fatty acid trophic markers in the lipids of Calanus underpins the importance of diatoms as Arctic primary producers, even if dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis pouchetii can also be important food sources for the calanoid copepods. We conclude that the Arctic Calanus species are herbivores, engineered to feed on the Arctic bloom, and that the timing of the bloom is the most important factor in determining the life strategies of the individual species.

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“…Another possibility to avoid overgrazing in (6) is taking into account changes in the total zooplankton biomass due to consumer-resource cycles. However, such a scenario would be rather doubtful on the considered short time scale (10 days) for large-sized copepods with the life cycle of 1-2 years (Melle and Skjoldal, 1998;Falk-Petersen et al, 1999). Moreover, noisy environment makes such regulation even less possible.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a correct description of zooplankton feeding in models: Taking into account food-mediated unsynchronized vertical migration

Морозов

Арашкевич

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Complex nature of foraging behaviour of zooplankton makes it difficult to describe adequately zooplankton grazing in models with vertical space. In mean-field models (based on systems of PDEs or coupled ODEs), zooplankton feeding at a given depth is normally computed as the product of the local functional response and the zooplankton density at this depth. Such simplification is often at odds with field observations which show the absence of clear relationship between intake rates of organisms and the ambient food density. The observed discrepancy is generic and is often caused by fast non-synchronous vertical migration of organisms with different nutrition status. In this paper, we suggest a simple way of incorporating unsynchronized short-term vertical migration of zooplankton into the mean-field modelling framework. We compute grazing of zooplankton in each layer depending on feeding activity of organisms in the layer. We take into account grazing impact of animals which are in the active phase of foraging cycle at the given moment of time but neglect the impact of animals which are in the non-active phase of the cycle (e.g. digesting food). Unsynchronized vertical migration determines the vertical distribution of actively feeding animals in layers depending on vertical distribution of food. In this paper, we compare two generic plankton models: (i) a model based on 'classical' grazing approach and (ii) a model incorporating food-mediated unsynchronized vertical migration of zooplankton. We show that including unsynchronized food-mediated migration would make the behaviour of a plankton model more realistic. This would imply a significant enhancement of ecosystem's stability and some additional mechanisms of regulation of algal blooms. In the system with food-mediated unsynchronized vertical migration, the control of phytoplankton by herbivorous becomes possible even for very large concentrations of nutrients in the water (formally, when the system's carrying capacity tends to infinity).

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Reproduction and development of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in the Barents Sea

Cited by 133 publications

References 32 publications

Interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms and zooplankton productivity and abundance in the Gulf of Maine during winter

Interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms and zooplankton productivity and abundance in the Gulf of Maine during winter

Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus

Towards a correct description of zooplankton feeding in models: Taking into account food-mediated unsynchronized vertical migration

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