Reproduction and Breeding

Lohmiller, Jeffrey J.; Swing, Sonya P.

doi:10.1016/b978-012074903-4/50009-1

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…During metestrus and diestrus, the female will not accept males, and the vaginal cytology have lots of leukocytes. This stage had the signs of estrogen stimulation subside and the corpus luteum starts to form and the uterine lining begins to secrete progesterone [35]. Earlier, we have reported permanent damage to ovarian primordial and primary follicles in Cr-exposed rats [28,30] with extended estrous cycle [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gestational Cadmium Exposure-Induced Ovotoxicity Delays Puberty through Oxidative Stress and Impaired Steroid Hormone Levels

Samuel¹,

Stanley

Princess³

et al. 2011

J. Med. Toxicol.

100

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Cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant, has been shown to be highly toxic to both humans and animals. Its widespread industrial use has led to its accumulation in the environment. Cd has been shown to target multiple organs following acute intoxication, causing nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, osteotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Cd can cross the placental barrier and cause a wide range of defects during fetal development. The current study was aimed to assess the effect of Cd on the female reproductive system. Female rats were exposed to Cd [50/200 ppm] from embryonic day 9 to 21 through drinking water. Serum steroid hormone concentrations, hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, and ovarian histopathology were described. Water consumption, gravid uterine/body weight decreased in both the doses of Cd-treated dams. The hematological parameters analyzed in rat pups showed a significant reduction in both doses of Cd studied, while hemoglobin showed a significant reduction in 200 ppm Cd treatment alone. MCHC levels did not show any variation in 50 ppm Cd treatment, while 200 ppm Cd treatment significantly increased. Specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and serum testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone were significantly decreased. The levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation were increased in 50 and 200 ppm Cd-treated rats. These changes were accompanied with disrupted ovarian histoarchitecture, an extended estrous cycle, and delayed pubertal onset in Cd-treated rats. The data generated from the present study suggest that gestational Cd treatment induces ovarian toxicity and reproductive dysfunction through increased oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gestational Cadmium Exposure-Induced Ovotoxicity Delays Puberty through Oxidative Stress and Impaired Steroid Hormone Levels

Samuel¹,

Stanley

Princess³

et al. 2011

J. Med. Toxicol.

100

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“…The lines were started as outbred lines, defined as no mating closer than second cousins (Dess and Minor 1996; Lohmiller and Swing 2006). To maintain this status, we continued to avoid sibling, half-sibling, and first cousin mating and every four to six generations we purchased rats from the founding stock (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine withdrawal in rats selectively bred for low (LoS) versus high (HiS) saccharin intake

Radke

Zlebnik

Carroll

2015

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Cocaine use results in anhedonia during withdrawal, but it is not clear how this emotional state interacts with an individual's vulnerability for addiction. Rats selectively bred for high (HiS) or low (LoS) saccharin intake are a well-established model of drug abuse vulnerability, with HiS rats being more likely to consume sweets and drugs of abuse such as cocaine and heroin (Carroll et al. 2002) than LoS rats. This study examined whether the motivational consequences of cocaine withdrawal are differentially expressed in HiS and LoS rats. HiS and LoS rats were trained to respond for a sucrose reward on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement and breakpoints were measured during and after chronic, continuous exposure to cocaine (30 mg/kg/day). Cocaine, but not saline, treatment resulted in lower breakpoints for sucrose during withdrawal in LoS rats only. These results suggest anhedonia during withdrawal is more pronounced in the less vulnerable LoS rats. Fewer motivational deficits during withdrawal may contribute to drug vulnerability in the HiS line.

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“…Modified spermatogonia are injected into recipient rat testes to produce mutant spermatozoa that transmit targeted genomic modifications to heterozygous mutant progeny. Timelines for each approach listed above must consider ~75 d for rat breeder pairs to reach reproductive age, 21–23 d rat gestation time, plus a 4–5 d estrus cycle in rats (Lohmiller and Swing, 2006) 2 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Germline Modifications in Rats Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Spermatogonial Stem Cells

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Organisms with targeted genomic modifications are efficiently produced by gene editing in embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-guided DNA endonuclease. Here, to facilitate germline editing in rats, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to catalyze targeted genomic mutations in rat spermatogonial stem cell cultures. CRISPR/Cas9-modified spermatogonia regenerated spermatogenesis and displayed long-term sperm forming potential following transplantation into rat testes. Targeted germline mutations in Epsti1 and Erbb3 were vertically transmitted from recipients to exclusively generate “pure”, non-mosaic mutant progeny. Epsti1 mutant rats were produced with or without genetically selecting donor spermatogonia. Monoclonal enrichment of Erbb3-null germlines unmasked recessive spermatogenesis defects in culture that were buffered in recipients, yielding mutant progeny isogenic at targeted alleles. Thus, spermatogonial gene editing with CRISPR/Cas9 provided a platform to generate targeted germline mutations in rats, and to study spermatogenesis.

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Reproduction and Breeding

Cited by 51 publications

References 55 publications

Gestational Cadmium Exposure-Induced Ovotoxicity Delays Puberty through Oxidative Stress and Impaired Steroid Hormone Levels

Gestational Cadmium Exposure-Induced Ovotoxicity Delays Puberty through Oxidative Stress and Impaired Steroid Hormone Levels

Cocaine withdrawal in rats selectively bred for low (LoS) versus high (HiS) saccharin intake

Targeted Germline Modifications in Rats Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Spermatogonial Stem Cells

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