Reproduction and agonistic behavior of black skimmers (<i>Rynchops niger</i>) in a mixed-species colony in the Brazilian Pantanal

Schuchmann, Karl‐Ludwig; Hegmann, Mona; Schley, Martin; Marques, Marinêz Isaac; Deus, Filipe Ferreira de; Weller, André Alexander

doi:10.1080/01650521.2018.1479951

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, these flooded grasslands emerge during temporary drought areas such as sandy beaches and limnicolous habitats (i.e., mudflats), becoming essential for migratory birds such as Rynchops niger during their reproductive period (Schuchmann et al 2018) and Scolopacidae during wintering (Oliveira et al 2016). Moreover, during the flooded period, there is a high level of coverage of aquatic macrophytes that provide shelter for swamp birds that use this type of habitat for shelter, rest, nesting, courtship and foraging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird Community Structure in Macrohabitats of the Aquaticterrestrial Transition Zone in the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil

et al. 2020

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Ecological responses of bird communities in aquatic-terrestrial transition zones (ATTZs) are only partially understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate community structure of birds in different macrohabitats of ATTZs from a protected area in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. The survey of birds was carried out in three types of macrohabitats: Erythrina fusca Lour. monospecific forest, shrubland and pioneer polyespecific forest, and flooded grassland. The bird community living within the ATTZ varied according to macrohabitat type and period of the wetland landscape. We emphasise the importance of this protected area to biodiversity. Employ greater environmental control is required, since the region is not exempt from direct and indirect impacts derived from the Upper Paraguay River Basin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bird Community Structure in Macrohabitats of the Aquaticterrestrial Transition Zone in the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…Within their southern range, skimmers often congregate in mixed colonies with terns (Laridae) in the reproduction period (Krannitz, 1989;Efe et al, 2001;Zarza et al, 2013;Antas et al, 2016). Until recently, little has been known about the breeding of Neotropical freshwater colonies; a few studies have shed light on various aspects, such as the timing of reproduction, nest site selection and fidelity, behavior, survival rates, and predation (Zarza et al, 2013;Antas et al, 2016; ISSN On-Line: 1807-0205 ISSN Printed: 0031-1049 ISNI: 0000-0004-0384-1825 Vieira, 2017;Schuchmann et al, 2018). However, detailed information on chick development, temperature-regulation while brooding, and behavior, especially for the Neotropics south of the Amazon, is still full of gaps for Black Skimmers as well as for many other colonial breeders (see Schuchmann et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubation parameters, offspring growth, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress of Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) in a Neotropical inland colony (Aves, Charadriiformes, Laridae)

Schuchmann¹,

Schley²,

Hegmann³

et al. 2022

Pap. Avulsos Zool.

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This study focuses on incubation parameters, egg morphometrics, and body mass development, hatching, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress within a colony of freshwater-breeding Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) located in the private nature reserve of Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) in the northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Temperatures of nest, eggs, and surface substratum, as well as the development of embryos, were surveyed using thermal imaging, a method allowing digital recording from a distance and in a fraction of the time of traditional measuring techniques. The mean egg dimensions (n = 71) were 4.48 (± 0.13) × 3.27 (± 0.07) cm; the mean mass at hatching was 24.3 (± 1.9) g, with a significant decrease over incubation time. The mean surface temperature of eggs varied from 30.9℃ to 39.7℃, while the sand surface temperature was 20℃ at 06:00 h, rising to 47.7℃ at 11:00 h. There was a significant increase (7%) in egg surface temperature throughout incubation. Incubation-bout durations (n = 2108) were correlated with the microclimatic conditions of the substratum, becoming shorter with increasing sand-surface temperature around midday. Egg hatching lasted one day, and siblings hatched no more than 24 h apart. The mean body mass on Day 1 after hatching was 16.8 (± 1.6) g (n = 6). Three days after hatching, chicks moved to new sand depressions provided by parents near the original nest, where they remained motionless or tried to hide under riparian vegetation. The single chick that fledged had a growth rate of K = 0.117 and a t₁₀₋₉₀ value of 37.3 days. On Day 7, dorsal pintail feathers and primaries appeared, which were open on Day 15. After 14 days, the chick was able to regulate its body temperature, and no more feeding by parental birds during the daytime was observed. On Day 21, the immature plumage was fully developed. Fledging was completed on Day 27. Our study demonstrates that thermal imaging is a useful method of surveying egg and embryo development in the Black Skimmer, reducing nest disturbance and observation efforts.

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“…We found no effect of CBC protection, although PA status did favor larger populations. The feeding activities of the Orinoco Goose may well be inhibited by the aggressive anti-predator behavior of Black Skimmers and Large-Billed Terns at colony sites [ 47 , 48 ]. Moreover, the activity of nesting birds disturbing and even removing vegetation in the sandy area around nests could represent a direct form of competition for food for Orinoco Geese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based conservation with formal protection provides large collateral benefits to Amazonian migratory waterbirds

et al. 2021

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Populations of migratory waterbirds are facing dramatic declines worldwide due to illegal hunting, habitat loss and climate change. Conservation strategies to reverse these trends are imperative, especially in tropical developing countries, which almost invariably allocate insufficient levels of investment for environmental protection. Here, we compared the effectiveness of sustainable-use Protected Areas (PAs) and Community-based Conservation (CBC) arrangements for the conservation of migratory waterbirds that breed on seasonal riverine sandy beaches in Brazilian Amazonia. We modeled local population responses of four migratory waterbird species on 155 beaches along a ~1,600 km section of a major tributary of the Amazon, as a function of community enforcement, official protection status, human pressure and landscape features. We show that 21 community-protected beaches within the study area host more than 80% of all sampled birds. Black Skimmers showed the most dramatic response, with breeding numbers 135-fold larger in CBC arrangements compared to beaches with no official protection status. The same pattern was observed for nesting Large-Billed and Yellow-Billed Terns. For the Near Threatened Orinoco Goose, PA status was the strongest predictor of local population size. These dramatic results demonstrate the value of protected refugia, achieved through the concerted action of participating local communities, to support breeding populations of key waterbird species. This highly-effective and low-cost conservation model can potentially be replicated in other regions of the developing world experiencing increasingly intensive exploitation of riverine natural resources.

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Reproduction and agonistic behavior of black skimmers (Rynchops niger) in a mixed-species colony in the Brazilian Pantanal

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Bird Community Structure in Macrohabitats of the Aquaticterrestrial Transition Zone in the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil

Bird Community Structure in Macrohabitats of the Aquaticterrestrial Transition Zone in the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil

Incubation parameters, offspring growth, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress of Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) in a Neotropical inland colony (Aves, Charadriiformes, Laridae)

Community-based conservation with formal protection provides large collateral benefits to Amazonian migratory waterbirds

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