Reproducing reproduction: How to simulate mast seeding in forest models

Vacchiano, Giorgio; Ascoli, Davide; Berzaghi, Fabio; Lucas‐Borja, Manuel Esteban; Caignard, Thomas; Collalti, Alessio; Mairota, Paola; Palaghianu, Ciprian; Reyer, Christopher; Sanders, Tanja G. M.; Schermer, Éliane; Wohlgemuth, Thomas; Hacket‐Pain, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.03.004

Cited by 57 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Furthermore, they suggest coupling the system of ʻclimate-driven resource dynamicsʼ for masting in (forest) tree species (Allen et al, 2017), with corresponding dynamics for wood growth (Hacket-Pain et al, 2018) and direct control mechanisms (e.g. multiple hormonal control and gene expression, Vacchiano et al, 2018). From a carbon-centric view, the most important remaining question is, how much of the stored carbon reserves in mature trees can be remobilized (Millard et al, 2007;Sala et al, 2012;Richardson et al, 2013;Rocha, 2013;Hartmann & Trumbore, 2016) and used either for regenerative or for vegetative growth, defense and root exudates (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It is not just a ‘trade‐off’: indications for sink‐ and source‐limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old‐growth beech forest

et al. 2020

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Summary Controls on tree growth are key issues in plant physiology. The hypothesis of our study was that the interannual variability of wood and fruit production are primarily controlled directly by weather conditions (sink limitation), while carbon assimilation (source limitation) plays a secondary role. We analyzed the interannual variability of weather conditions, gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) of wood and fruits of an old‐growth, unmanaged Fagus sylvatica forest over 14 yr, including six mast years. In a multiple linear regression model, c. 71% of the annual variation in wood‐NPP could be explained by mean air temperature in May, precipitation from April to May (positive influence) and fruit‐NPP (negative influence). GPP of June to July solely explained c. 42% of the variation in wood‐NPP. Fruit‐NPP was positively related to summer precipitation 2 yr before (R2 = 0.85), and negatively to precipitation in May (R2 = 0.83) in the fruit years. GPP had no influence on fruit‐NPP. Our results suggest a complex system of sink and source limitations to tree growth driven by weather conditions and going beyond a simple carbon‐mediated ‘trade‐off’ between regenerative and vegetative growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It is not just a ‘trade‐off’: indications for sink‐ and source‐limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old‐growth beech forest

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the crucial role of mast seeding in plant regeneration and many other ecological processes (Ostfeld & Weather cue results in larger hormone secretion/ gene expression and flower/ seed production -Manipulation of pre-identified weather signal-requires factorial crossing with resource addition as plant responsiveness to the cue may depend on internal resource state Kuczy nski 2015; Vacchiano et al 2018), our understanding of its behaviour is mostly based on observational records from natural conditions. Few experiments have been designed to test the predictions of hypotheses for the proximate causes of masting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the crucial role of mast seeding in plant regeneration and many other ecological processes (Ostfeld & Keesing ; Schmidt & Ostfeld ; Boutin et al ; Szymkowiak & Kuczyński ; Vacchiano et al ), our understanding of its behaviour is mostly based on observational records from natural conditions. Few experiments have been designed to test the predictions of hypotheses for the proximate causes of masting.…”

Section: Hypotheses Predictions and Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our aim here is to outline a research agenda that takes the biology of masting from a largely observational field of ecology to one rooted in mechanistic understanding. This understanding can be incorporated into global vegetation models to improve their accuracy and realism in terms of seed production but also growth tradeoffs, seed dispersal, establishment, migration, cascading trophic interactions, and ecosystem resilience to disturbances or climate change (Vacchiano et al ; Clark et al ). We outline explicit predictions of prevalent hypotheses explaining intermittent and synchronised reproduction at the population level and describe what experiments would be necessary to test them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Masting, or mast seeding, the highly variable and synchronised seed production by plant populations (Kelly 1994;Crone & Rapp 2014), is a widespread reproductive strategy in perennial plants (Kelly & Sork 2002;Tanentzap & Monks 2018;Fern andez-Mart ınez et al 2019). The resulting resource pulses have cascading effects on plant and animal population dynamics, macronutrient cycling and disease risk in humans (Ostfeld & Keesing 2000;Bogdziewicz et al 2016;Vacchiano et al 2018). From an evolutionary perspective, masting results from economies of scale, that is, individual plants that reproduce when other plants are also flowering or seeding have lower costs per surviving offspring (Kelly 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From theory to experiments for testing the proximate mechanisms of mast seeding: an agenda for an experimental ecology

et al. 2019

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Highly variable and synchronised production of seeds by plant populations, known as masting, is implicated in many important ecological processes, but how it arises remains poorly understood. The lack of experimental studies prevents underlying mechanisms from being explicitly tested, and thereby precludes meaningful predictions on the consequences of changing environments for plant reproductive patterns and global vegetation dynamics. Here we review the most relevant proximate drivers of masting and outline a research agenda that takes the biology of masting from a largely observational field of ecology to one rooted in mechanistic understanding. We divide the experimental framework into three main processes: resource dynamics, pollen limitation and genetic and hormonal regulation, and illustrate how specific predictions about proximate mechanisms can be tested, highlighting the few successful experiments as examples. We envision that the experiments we outline will deliver new insights into how and why masting patterns might respond to a changing environment.

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Measuring temporal patterns in ecology: The case of mast seeding

Fernández‐Martínez

Peñuelas

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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How to accurately describe temporal patterns in ecological processes has been a long-standing question in ecology (McCann, 2000).Metrics to estimate stability, temporal variability, and resilience are, actually, still under intense debate (Arnoldi et al., 2016). The field of masting, for which assessing temporal patterns of seed production is crucial, is not an exception. Mast seeding, or masting, has traditionally been described as a reproductive phenomenon consisting of the highly variable and synchronized production of seeds at the population scale (Kelly, 1994;Pearse et al., 2016;Silvertown, 1980). The use of the term "masting," or describing a species or population as following a masting behavior, however, is sometimes confusing, arbitrary, or insufficiently accurate in the scientific literature to be

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Reproducing reproduction: How to simulate mast seeding in forest models

Cited by 57 publications

References 131 publications

It is not just a ‘trade‐off’: indications for sink‐ and source‐limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old‐growth beech forest

It is not just a ‘trade‐off’: indications for sink‐ and source‐limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old‐growth beech forest

From theory to experiments for testing the proximate mechanisms of mast seeding: an agenda for an experimental ecology

Measuring temporal patterns in ecology: The case of mast seeding

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