Reproducing inequalities: Luck, wallets, and the enduring effects of childhood health

Palloni, Alberto

doi:10.1353/dem.2006.0036

Cited by 259 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Palloni (2006), for example, found important effects of childhood health on adult socioeconomic achievement, which in turn may influence later-life health and functioning. Our finding that in some cases early-and mid-life influences dissipate once late-life factors are considered, are consistent with this study and with the indirect pathway found by Hayward and Gorman (2004) for mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declines in late-life disability: The role of early- and mid-life factors

Freedman

Martin

Schoeni

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

132

120

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Investigations into the causes of declines in late-life disability have largely focused on the role of contemporaneous factors. Adopting a life-course perspective as a backdrop, in this paper we ask whether there also has been a role for selected early-and mid-life factors in the decline, and if so whether these factors have been operating through changes in the risks of disability onset or recovery. Drawing on five waves from 1995 to 2004 of the US Health and Retirement Study, we found for the 75 and older population in the United States that the prevalence of difficulty with activities of daily living (ADL) declined from 30.2% in 1995 to 26.0% in 2004, whereas the trend in difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was flat. Onset of ADL limitations also was reduced during this period while recovery increased. Changes in the educational composition of the older population were linked to declines in the prevalence of ADL limitations, but there were also modest contributions of changes in mother's education, self-rated childhood health, and lifetime occupation. Declines in late-life vision impairments and increases in wealth also contributed substantially to the downward trend, and had chronic conditions not increased, it would have been even larger. Reductions in the onset of ADL limitations were partly driven by changes in educational attainment of respondents and their mothers and, in late-life, better vision and wealth. In contrast, the recovery trend was not accounted for by changes in early-or mid-life factors. We conclude that early-and mid-life factors have contributed along with late-life factors to U.S. late-life disability trends mainly through their influence on the onset of, rather than recovery from, limitations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declines in late-life disability: The role of early- and mid-life factors

Freedman

Martin

Schoeni

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

132

120

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“…Some recent commentary has gone beyond an either/or argument and suggested a more complex process involving multiple causal streams in which both educational attainment (or social class) and childhood health have a direct and indirect causal link to adult health. If this is the case, rather than dismissing the notion of selectivity it would be far better to attempt to understand the complex pathways that help determine adult health (Goldman 2001;Palloni 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of education on adult mortality and disability: a global perspective

Lentzner²

2010

Populationyearbook

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Contemporary research primarily in the West offers a strong case for the relationship between formal education and adult health; more education, measured either by level completed or years of schooling, is associated, often in a stepwise fashion, with lower levels of mortality, morbidity and disability. In this study, we attempt to provide a global assessment of that relationship as it pertains to adult disability, using sample data from 70 countries that participated in the World Health Survey. In each of five regions and some of the largest countries outside the West we find that an increase in formal education is associated with lower levels of disability in both younger and older adults. Using the regional education-based differentials and several estimates of growth in education levels, we project levels of disability to 2050 to estimate the health and human capital benefits obtained from investments in education. We find that considering education in the population projection consistently shows lower prevalence of disability in the future, and that scenarios with better education attainment lead to lower prevalence. It is apparent that the educational dividend identified in our projection scenario should be an important policy goal, which, if anything, should be more speedily advanced in those countries and regions that have the greatest need.

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“…However, we do not want or need to defend such a strong claim here; indeed we are fine with the notion of health as an important and fertile functioning that positively influences the achievement of other functionings and capabilities both during childhood and adulthood. For example, studies have shown that health in childhood influences the socioeconomic status in later life (Palloni 2006). WHO, too, endorses such an understanding in its definition of health as a resource for everyday life (Williamson and Carr 2009), and it should be obvious that the health status of a child profoundly influences central aspects of her life, such as going to school and learning and playing and meeting friends.…”

Section: The Ill-being and Ill-becoming Of Child Poverty: Physical Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty

Schweiger¹,

Graf²

2015

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Reproducing inequalities: Luck, wallets, and the enduring effects of childhood health

Cited by 259 publications

References 87 publications

Declines in late-life disability: The role of early- and mid-life factors

Declines in late-life disability: The role of early- and mid-life factors

The effect of education on adult mortality and disability: a global perspective

A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty

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