Reproducing Hegemony: The Culture of Enhancement and Discourses on Amphetamines in Popular Fiction

McKenna, Stacey A.

doi:10.1007/s11013-010-9202-y

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this sense, a new study supports the idea that CART peptide reduces the effects of psychostimulants by modulating the simultaneous activation of both D1 and D2 receptors, rather than by affecting the action of any individual DA receptor (Moffett et al, 2011). In addition, our recent report suggests that prenatal amphetamine exposure produced, at postpubertal age, an enhanced DAT in the NAc (Flores et al, 2011, Figures 2, 3, 4) and children with prenatal psychostimulant exposure have greater risk of addictions (McKenna, 2011). .…”

Section: Dopamine Transporter and Neural Plasticitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Addictive Drugs and Synaptic Plasticity

Negrete-Díaz¹,

Flores²,

Sihra³

et al. 2012

Addictions - From Pathophysiology to Treatment

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Section: Dopamine Transporter and Neural Plasticitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Addictive Drugs and Synaptic Plasticity

Negrete-Díaz¹,

Flores²,

Sihra³

et al. 2012

Addictions - From Pathophysiology to Treatment

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“…This argument about the acceptability of normalizers as opposed to enhancers has also been voiced in the bioethics literature (Sandel 2004;Levy 2007). However, the choice to use a cognitive enhancer has been described by stakeholders and popular works of fiction as influenced by pressures to compete and succeed in society; external factors are therefore important considerations in the choice to enhance or not (Forlini and Racine 2009a;McKenna 2011). In this fashion, the authenticity-related question of "Who do you want to be?"…”

Section: Understanding the Underpinnings Of The Different Levels Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added Stakeholders, Added Value(s) to the Cognitive Enhancement Debate: Are Academic Discourse and Professional Policies Sidestepping Values of Stakeholders?

Forlini

Racine

2012

AJOB Primary Research

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Background: The debate on the non-medical use of prescription medication for the enhancement of cognitive function (e.g., attention, memory, concentration, vigilance), accompanied by heated public discussions in the media, has spurred the interest of scholars and the public. Methods: In this paper, we present qualitative data from a focus group study with university students, parents, and healthcare providers. We identified ethical, social, and legal issues related to the non-medical use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement (CE) and closely examined the positions taken on these issues and their supporting arguments. Results: The ethical, social, and legal issues we identified (e.g., authenticity, cheating) were similar to those identified in a previous discourse analysis of the bioethics literature but indicate the existence of moderately and highly contentious issues as well as factors and values underlying these issues. The model we generated from these findings shows how interplay between values (e.g., effort and honesty) and external factors (e.g., regulation and access) may lie at the root of contentious ethical issues in CE. Conclusions: Our discussion points to an unsuspected complexity in understanding values of stakeholders and their unclear relationship to academic discourse and professional societies. We propose deliberative or other democratic processes as a way to recognize and incorporate the complexity of the CE debate.

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“…Amphetamines are routinely ingested, injected and smoked. The frequency of the use of amphetamine in many regions of the United States has been reported [1]. Studies on the effects of the use of amphetamines during pregnancy, suggest that newborn babies and children between 4 and 8 years of age present persistent behavioral abnormalities; for example, aggressive behavior, poor adjustment and low values of weight and length, which correlate with socio-environmental factors [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Amphetamine Exposure Effects on Dopaminergic Receptors and Transporter in Postnatal Rats

2011

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We investigated the influence of prenatal amphetamine exposure (PAE) on dopamine (DA) receptors, and dopamine transporter (DAT) in various striatal and limbic subregions and locomotor activity induced by novel environmental conditions and amphetamine at two postnatal ages, 35 days old (prepubertal) and 60 days old (postpubertal). Experiments were carried out on pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats, which were daily injected with either d-amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg) or saline solution (0.9%) for 11 days, from gestation day 11-21. In PAE rats compared to control we found the following: at pre-pubertal age, an enhancement of DA D1 in the dorsolateral area of the caudate-putamen (CPu), CPu-ventral and shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) with a decrement of the DA D3 receptors in NAcc, olfactory tubercle (OT), and the islands of Calleja (IoC); whereas at postpubertal age, an increase in the levels of DAT in the NAcc and fundus of the CPu, and OT along with a decrease in the expression of DA D2 receptors only in the NAcc shell were found in PAE rats compared to control. In addition, amphetamine induces a marked decrease in locomotor activity at postpubertal age in rats with PAE. These results suggest a differential effect of amphetamines on the DAT mechanism of the nervous system during embryonic development of animals with implications in behavior and drug addictions at adulthood age.

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Reproducing Hegemony: The Culture of Enhancement and Discourses on Amphetamines in Popular Fiction

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Addictive Drugs and Synaptic Plasticity

Addictive Drugs and Synaptic Plasticity

Added Stakeholders, Added Value(s) to the Cognitive Enhancement Debate: Are Academic Discourse and Professional Policies Sidestepping Values of Stakeholders?

Prenatal Amphetamine Exposure Effects on Dopaminergic Receptors and Transporter in Postnatal Rats

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