Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser‐scanned facial images

Toma, Arshed M.; Zhurov, Alexei I.; Playle, Rebecca; Ong, Egle; Richmond, Stephen

doi:10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.01435.x

Cited by 151 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For comparison, the means for MZ, DZ, and all the twins were 0.82 ± 0.06 mm, 1.62 ± 0.15 mm and, 1.18 ± 0.11 mm, respectively. Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks has been studied by Toma et al (2009). Accuracy of landmarks identification was reported to generally range from 0.39 to 1.49 mm.…”

Section: Measurement Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Facial 3D Analysis With DNA Testing to Determine Zygosities of Twins

Vuollo

Šidlauskas

et al. 2015

Twin Res Hum Genet

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The aim of this study was to compare facial 3D analysis to DNA testing in twin zygosity determinations. Facial 3D images of 106 pairs of young adult Lithuanian twins were taken with a stereophotogrammetric device (3dMD, Atlanta, Georgia) and zygosity was determined according to similarity of facial form. Statistical pattern recognition methodology was used for classification. The results showed that in 75% to 90% of the cases, zygosity determinations were similar to DNA-based results. There were 81 different classification scenarios, including 3 groups, 3 features, 3 different scaling methods, and 3 threshold levels. It appeared that coincidence with 0.5 mm tolerance is the most suitable feature for classification. Also, leaving out scaling improves results in most cases. Scaling was expected to equalize the magnitude of differences and therefore lead to better recognition performance. Still, better classification features and a more effective scaling method or classification in different facial areas could further improve the results. In most of the cases, male pair zygosity recognition was at a higher level compared with females. Erroneously classified twin pairs appear to be obvious outliers in the sample. In particular, faces of young dizygotic (DZ) twins may be so similar that it is very hard to define a feature that would help classify the pair as DZ. Correspondingly, monozygotic (MZ) twins may have faces with quite different shapes. Such anomalous twin pairs are interesting exceptions, but they form a considerable portion in both zygosity groups.

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Section: Measurement Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Facial 3D Analysis With DNA Testing to Determine Zygosities of Twins

Vuollo

Šidlauskas

et al. 2015

Twin Res Hum Genet

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“…or full body [17] is helpful to lineout a topographical profile to measure or diagnose morphological abnormalities. This technique helps the clinician to compare soft tissue topography and www.intechopen.com landmarks before [18] and after a surgical intervention or to show the patient an estimated treatment outcome before the surgical procedure. Facial templates based on 3D laser face scans can be used to treat some face deformities by guidance of growing skeleton during childhood [19].…”

Section: Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Optics and Lasers

Sener¹

2012

A Roadmap of Biomedical Engineers and Milestones

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“…As it can be observed in Figure 4 these are high quality scans, which have been carefully annotated by experts based on anthropometric definitions. Recent studies on manual identification of 3D facial landmarks indicate that the intra-and inter-observer uncertainty of this type of Figure 4: Example of the facial scans from the test dataset with the annotation of the 22 landmarks used in this study: en = endocanthion; ex = exocanthion; n = nasion; a = alare; ac = alar crest; nt = nostril top; prn = pronasale; sn = subnasale; ch = cheilion; cph = crista philtrum; li = labiale inferius; ls = labiale superius; sto = stomion; sl = sublabiale; pg = pogonion; (Hennessy et al, 2002). annotations are typically between 1 mm and 2 mm (Aynechi et al, 2011;Toma et al, 2009). …”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotationally Invariant 3D Shape Contexts using Asymmetry Patterns

Sukno

Waddington

Whelan

2013

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications and International Conference on Inform

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Abstract:This paper presents an approach to resolve the azimuth ambiguity of 3D Shape Contexts (3DSC) based on asymmetry patterns. We show that it is possible to provide rotational invariance to 3DSC at the expense of a marginal increase in computational load, outperforming previous algorithms dealing with the azimuth ambiguity. We build on a recently presented measure of approximate rotational symmetry in 2D defined as the overlapping area between a shape and rotated versions of itself to extract asymmetry patterns from a 3DSC in a variety of ways, depending on the spatial relationships that need to be highlighted or disabled. Thus, we define Asymmetry Patterns Shape Contexts (APSC) from a subset of the possible spatial relations present in the spherical grid of 3DSC; hence they can be thought of as a family of descriptors that depend on the subset that is selected. This provides great flexibility to derive different descriptors. We show that choosing the appropriate spatial patterns can considerably reduce the errors obtained with 3DSC when targeting specific types of points.

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Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on 3D laser‐scanned facial images

Cited by 151 publications

References 22 publications

Comparing Facial 3D Analysis With DNA Testing to Determine Zygosities of Twins

Comparing Facial 3D Analysis With DNA Testing to Determine Zygosities of Twins

Biomedical Optics and Lasers

Rotationally Invariant 3D Shape Contexts using Asymmetry Patterns

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