“…Methods such as spiral cr [5], electron beam CT [6,7], digital subtraction fluoroscopy [8], and intravascular ultrasound [9,10] have been used to detect this "indicator" calcification, either directly in the coronaries or in indicator arteries such as the brachials, carotids, or illiacs [II]. The nonzero threshold for CT detection of calcium (2 mm 2 [12]) produces a high negative predictive value for greater than 50% stenosis but relatively low positive predictive value [13].…”