Reproducibility of blood pressure and heart rate reactivity: A meta‐analysis

Swain, Annette M.; Suls, Jerky

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02120.x

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…About the cardiovascular parameters, the three most commonly used in these studies were HR, SBP and DBP (Swain & Suls, 1996), to combine the criteria and to enhance the comparison between different results from various research studies. All the parameters have been captured, recorded, stored and analyzed in a highly reliable, non invasive and continuous manner, which is especially relevant in the case of blood pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological Cardiovascular Functioning in Hostile Defensive Women

Palmero¹,

Guerrero²

2012

The Cardiovascular System - Physiology, Diagnostics and Clinical Implications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological Cardiovascular Functioning in Hostile Defensive Women

Palmero¹,

Guerrero²

2012

The Cardiovascular System - Physiology, Diagnostics and Clinical Implications

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“…One may speculate whether test-retest reproducibility of stress reactivity is sufficient enough to give the present findings prognostic value. Because stability has been found to increase when the number of measurements during stress tests increase, 41 we performed 3 measurements during mental arithmetic and 2 during the cold pressor test and then calculated the mean during each test. There are, however, as yet no data available on the reproducibility on catecholamine reactivity.…”

Section: Flaa Et Al Sympathoadrenal Activity Predicts Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathoadrenal Stress Reactivity Is a Predictor of Future Blood Pressure

et al. 2008

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Abstract-In the present study we hypothesized that arterial catecholamine concentrations during rest and 2 laboratory stress tests were independent predictors of blood pressure at an 18-year follow-up. At entry, blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were measured in 99 healthy men (age: 19.3Ϯ0.4 years, meanϮSD) at rest, during a mental arithmetic test, and during a cold pressor test. After 18.0Ϯ0.9 years of follow-up, resting blood pressure was measured. The norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations during the mental arithmetic explained 12.7% of the variation of future systolic blood pressure after adjusting for initial resting blood pressure, family history, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure during the stress test in a multiple regression analysis (adjusted R 2 ϭ0.651; PϽ0.001). To conclude, the present study shows that sympathetic nervous activity during mental arithmetic predicts future blood pressure, indicating a possible causal factor in the development of essential hypertension independent of the initial blood pressure. (Hypertension. 2008;52:336-341.)Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ stress reactivity Ⅲ catecholamines Ⅲ cold pressor test Ⅲ epinephrine Ⅲ mental stress Ⅲ norepinephrine H ypertension and other cardiovascular diseases develop slowly over decades, and although the disease process starts early, clinical manifestations do not usually appear until late middle age. Interestingly, the classical risk factors, like family history, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, are able to predict only Ϸ50% of future cardiovascular diseases. 1 Thus, much effort has been made to identify other risk factors, and increased reactivity to stress is believed to be one of them.Although previous prospective studies on reactivity as a predictor of future hypertension have given conflicting results, 1 studies with a follow-up of Ͼ5 years tend to show a strong association between cardiovascular hyperreactivity and future hypertension. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This supports the reactivity hypothesis, which states that exaggerated physical or psychological responses to stress identify subgroups with increased cardiovascular risk. 10

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“…Psychometric studies have established satisfactory temporal stability of the commonly used cardiovascular reactivity measures, particularly when aggregated over multiple stressors (18,19). Prospective studies have shown that these individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity predict future hypertension (20 -22) and atherosclerosis (23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bivariate Genetic Modeling of Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity: Does Stress Uncover Genetic Variance?

Geus

Kupper

Boomsma

et al. 2007

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective: To test the existence of gene-by-stress interaction by assessing cardiovascular stress reactivity in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Methods: We studied 160 adolescent (mean age 16.7 Ϯ 2.0 years; range 13-22 years) and 212 middle-aged twin pairs (mean age 44.2 Ϯ 6.7 years; range 34 -63 years). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured at rest and during a choice reaction time and a mental arithmetic task. We used a bivariate analysis of the resting and mean stress levels to test for gene-by-stress interaction, which can be caused by the emergence of new genetic variance specific to stress or by stress-induced amplification of the existing genetic variance at rest. Results: Genetic factors significantly contributed to individual differences in resting SBP, DBP, HR, PEP, and RSA levels in the adolescent (heritability range 0.31-0.70) and middle-aged (heritability range 0.32-0.64) cohorts. The effect of these genetic factors was amplified by stress for all variables in the adolescent cohort, and for SBP in the middle-aged cohort. In addition, stress-specific genetic variation emerged for HR in both cohorts and for PEP and SBP in the adolescent cohort. Heritability of stress levels of SBP, DBP, HR, PEP, and RSA ranged from 0.54 to 0.74 in the adolescents and from 0.44 to 0.64 in the middle-aged cohort. Conclusions: Stress uncovers genetic variance in BP, HR, and cardiac sympathovagal balance through the emergence of new stress-specific genetic effects and the amplification of existing genetic effects that also affect the resting values.

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Reproducibility of blood pressure and heart rate reactivity: A meta‐analysis

Cited by 63 publications

References 91 publications

Psychophysiological Cardiovascular Functioning in Hostile Defensive Women

Psychophysiological Cardiovascular Functioning in Hostile Defensive Women

Sympathoadrenal Stress Reactivity Is a Predictor of Future Blood Pressure

Bivariate Genetic Modeling of Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity: Does Stress Uncover Genetic Variance?

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