Reproducibility and reliability of middle cerebral artery occlusion using a silicone-coated suture (Koizumi) in rats

Takano, Kentaro; Tatlısumak, Turgut; Bergmann, Andreas; Gibson, Daniel G.; Fisher, Marc

doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00184-6

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There are only a small number of reports of the craniectomized model in mice, as the operation is considered technically difficult [23]. On the other hand, the indirect MCAO method occludes the origin of MCA intraluminally with a monofilament thread through the unilateral CCA [3,5,16,27,29,31]. The intraluminal thread model has the benefit of no brain invasion, so that a large number of studies can be performed under these conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Experimental Occlusion of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Induces High Reproducibility of Brain Ischemia in Mice

et al. 2009

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Several investigators have used murine models to investigate the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. The focal ischemic model is a closer approximation to human stroke which includes a necrotic core, penumbra, and undamaged tissue. Occlusion of a unilateral artery, especially the middle cerebral artery (MCA), is performed in this model, but collateral circulation often induces variation of ischemic lesions both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is likely that the more proximal the artery which is unilaterally occluded is, the more inconsistent the outcomes. The present study was designed to examine the reproducibility of infarct lesion by distal or proximal artery occlusion. Direct occlusion of the distal MCA was performed and compared with unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) in C57BL/6 mice. Direct MCA occlusion (MCAO) consistently induced ischemic lesions in cortical areas. All model animals (n=14) survived 24 h after occlusion, and exhibited a maximum infarct volume (20.0 ± 5.0%). In contrast, permanent and transient unilateral CCAO models had mortality rates of 62.5 and 25.0%, and showed severe to absent lesions with the infarct volumes of 29.0 ± 20.8 and 33.2 ± 24.2%, respectively. In conclusion, distal MCAO produces high reproducibility of ischemic insults and survivability compared to unilateral CCAO. Thus, distal MCAO is a useful method for the focal ischemic model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Experimental Occlusion of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Induces High Reproducibility of Brain Ischemia in Mice

et al. 2009

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“…Physical properties of the filament are important because it is the key factor that affects lesion volume 3 ; however, there is no direct evidence to confirm this principle. 4,5 Regional cerebral blood flow can be measured using autoradiography and laser Doppler flowmetry to confirm successful MCAO, but neither method can dynamically monitor changes of cerebral blood flow in deeper tissue during ischemia-reperfusion. 6,7 Synchrotron radiation angiography (SRA) may represent a novel solution to directly and dynamically monitor MCAO.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Suture Properties on Stability of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Evaluated by Synchrotron Radiation Angiography

Guan

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2012

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-The intraluminal suture technique for producing middle cerebral artery occlusion in rodents is the most commonly used method for modeling focal cerebral ischemia associated with clinical ischemic stroke. Synchrotron radiation angiography may provide a novel solution to directly monitor the success of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods-Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats for middle cerebral artery occlusion models were prepared randomly with different suture head silicone coating. In vivo imaging was performed at beam line BL13W1, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai, China. Results-Silicone-coated suture was superior to uncoated suture for producing consistent brain infarction. Additionally, silicone coating length was an important variable controlling the extent of the ischemic lesion: infarcts affected predominantly the caudate-putamen with large variability (Ͻ2 mm), both the cortex and caudate-putamen (2-3.3 mm), and most of the hemisphere, including the hypothalamus (Ͼ3.3 mm). Conclusions-Synchrotron radiation angiography provides a useful tool to observe hemodynamic changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the physical properties of suture are critical to the success of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. (Stroke. 2012;43:888-891.)Key Words: angiography Ⅲ middle cerebral artery occlusion Ⅲ synchrotron radiation T he focal cerebral ischemia model involves the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) and typically results in localized brain infarction, which recapitulates many of the pathophysiological and histopathologic features of stroke. The most common technique for MCAO is the intraluminal filament model. 1 However, 1 limitation of the suture model is its high variability in infarct size. 2 Factors that contribute to such variation include differences in animal strain and weight, method of anesthesia, blood pressure, brain and body temperature, brain vascular anatomy, suture material, duration, and site of occlusion. Physical properties of the filament are important because it is the key factor that affects lesion volume 3 ; however, there is no direct evidence to confirm this principle. 4,5 Regional cerebral blood flow can be measured using autoradiography and laser Doppler flowmetry to confirm successful MCAO, but neither method can dynamically monitor changes of cerebral blood flow in deeper tissue during ischemia-reperfusion. 6,7 Synchrotron radiation angiography (SRA) may represent a novel solution to directly and dynamically monitor MCAO. 8 In the present study, we used SRA to examine if the coating length was critical for producing a highly reproducible stroke model. Materials and Methods Experimental GroupsAnimal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats (SLAC, Shanghai, China) weighing 270 to 350 g were divided into 4 groups randomly (nϭ5/group). The sutures with different physical properties were used in 4 groups t...

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“…16) To avoid this shortcoming, we modified this model to be severely ischemic by using a silicon-coated suture. 17) When SM-20220 was administered 1 h after the onset of occlusion, it reduced the infarcted area in all five sections (Fig. 2a) and the infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner (pϽ0.01 by linear regression analysis, Fig.…”

Section: Effect On Infarct Size Of a Single Administrationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Relationship between the Neuroprotective Effect of Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> Exchanger Inhibitor SM-20220 and the Timing of Its Administration in a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Rats

Horikawa¹,

Kuribayashi²,

Matsui³

et al. 2001

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the neuroprotective effect of SM-20220 (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide methanesulfonate) and the timing of its administration in an experimental stroke model. Two hours of occlusion followed by 22 h of perfusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was performed by inserting a nylon thread into the MCA to occlude it, and pulling the thread to initiate reperfusion. Intravenous infusion of SM-20220 for 1 h reduced the infarct volume at doses of 0.2-0.8 mg/kg in a dose-dependent manner without causing changes in the systemic arterial blood pressure or blood gases, when SM-20220 administration was started 1 h after the onset of occlusion. Administration of SM-20220 at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg also reduced the edema formation induced by ischemia. In contrast, SM-20220 failed to reduce the infarction, even at 1.6 mg/kg, when administration was started 2 h after the onset of occlusion. Thus, the therapeutic time window of SM-20220 for this transient MCA occlusion model is 1 h. Daily administration of SM-20220 (0.4 mg/kg) for the 7 d following 1.5 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion reduced the infarct volume with statistical significance ( pϽ0.05), showing that SM-20220 did not merely delay but prevented ischemic damage. Key words Naϩ /H ϩ exchanger; brain ischemia; infarction; SM-20220; edema; therapeutic time window centage of the area of the left hemisphere for each coronal section. The infarct volume was calculated by integration of the infarct areas and the areas of the left hemisphere that were determined for the five coronal sections. Measurement of Arterial Blood Pressure, Gases, and pH In some animals, a femoral artery was cannulated to directly and continuously measure the systemic arterial blood pressure with a pressure transducer (P10EZ, Nihon Kohden, Osaka, Japan) attached to a blood-pressure amplifier (AP-641G, Nihon Kohden) and to sample blood for the analysis of blood gases and pH using I-STAT (Fuso Chemicals, Osaka, Japan). Measurement of Cerebral Water ContentTo measure the brain water content, rats were decapitated 4 h after the onset of reperfusion and the left hemisphere of the occluded MCA territory was cut into 4-mm-thick slices (1 mm anterior-3 mm posterior to the bregma).10) The water content was determined by the dry-weight method. 13)Experimental Protocol The experimental protocol is shown in Fig. 1. SM-20220 was dissolved in 8% polyethylene glycol 400 (w/v) to 0.4 mg/ml and diluted with the same solution to 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 mg/ml. The diluted SM-20220 or just the solution as vehicle was given as an intravenous infusion (5 ml/kg/h) for 1 h using an infusion pump (model 100, KD Scientific, U.S.A.).For the first experiment, the administration of SM-20220 or vehicle was started 1 h after the onset of occlusion, and physiological variables were measured before surgery, before drug administration, and 30 min after the onset of reperfusion; the infarct size was measured 22 h after the onset.For the sec...

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Reproducibility and reliability of middle cerebral artery occlusion using a silicone-coated suture (Koizumi) in rats

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

Direct Experimental Occlusion of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Induces High Reproducibility of Brain Ischemia in Mice

Direct Experimental Occlusion of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Induces High Reproducibility of Brain Ischemia in Mice

Effect of Suture Properties on Stability of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Evaluated by Synchrotron Radiation Angiography

Relationship between the Neuroprotective Effect of Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> Exchanger Inhibitor SM-20220 and the Timing of Its Administration in a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Rats

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