Reprint of: A review on Trichinella infection in South America

Ribicich, M.; Fariña, Fernando Adrián; Aronowicz, Tatiana; Ercole, Mariano Emmanuel; Bessi, Clara; Winter, Marina; Pasqualetti, Mariana Inés

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109540

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…are one of the most widespread parasites infecting people and other mammals all over the world in several climates, except for deserts [ 44 ]. Humans can acquire the parasite by eating uncooked or inadequately treated meat from domestic or wild animals [ 45 ].…”

Section: Trichinellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Standing International Cooperation in Parasitology Research: A Summary of 35 Years of Activities in the Bolivian Chaco

et al. 2022

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The Bolivian Chaco is a semiarid region with a low population density, situated in the southeast part of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Here, despite the improvements of the last 15 years, poverty remains high in rural areas, where social vulnerability is widespread. The Guaraní ethnic group often lives in isolated communities with a low standard of hygiene and sanitation. This epidemiological scenario favors the spread of transmissible diseases, including several parasitic infections belonging to the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) group. In this area, a long-standing research activity, built upon the synergism between local and foreign institutions, has been established since the late 1980s and helps to fill in the knowledge gap about the epidemiology dynamics of soil-transmitted helminths, vector-borne parasites, and other parasitic diseases. A 35-year history of cooperation programs in parasitology research has contributed to informing local health authorities of the NTD burden in the Bolivian Chaco and, ultimately, supports local healthcare providers in the management of parasitic diseases.

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Section: Trichinellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Standing International Cooperation in Parasitology Research: A Summary of 35 Years of Activities in the Bolivian Chaco

et al. 2022

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“…These parasites have been reported in domestic and wild animals on all continents except Antarctica [ 1 ]. Currently, ten Trichinella species and three genotypes are recognized, and they are divided in two clades: encapsulated and non-encapsulated [ 2 ]. The former comprises seven species, with their respective genotypes in parentheses: Trichinella spiralis (T1), Trichinella nativa (T2), Trichinella britovi (T3), Trichinella murrelli (T5), Trichinella nelsoni (T7), Trichinella patagoniensis (T12), and Trichinella chanchalensis , along with three genotypes, namely T6, T8, and T9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carnivorism is essential for the Triquinella spp. life cycle as hosts acquire the parasite by ingesting muscle tissue containing infective larvae [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. There are two different epidemiological cycles: the domestic cycle, related to urban and rural settings and consisting of transmission between domestic and synanthropic animals, in which rodents and pigs are the main hosts and Trichinella spiralis the most frequently associated species; and the sylvatic cycle, which involves mainly carnivores and wild boars as the most frequent hosts and includes several species of Trichinella of both clades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild mammals act as the main reservoirs of Trichinella spp. given the higher biomass of the parasite in this group of animals [ 8 ], but domestic animals are the most related to human cases [ 2 , 9 , 10 ]. Spillover between domestic and wild cycles can occur, often being related to human activities [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South America, four Trichinella species have been diagnosed: T. spiralis in domestic pigs from Argentina and wild boars and cougars from Argentina and Chile; T. pseudospirallis in domestic swine from Argentina; T. patagoniensis in Argentinian cougars; and T. britovi in sausages related to human outbreaks [ 2 ]. Brazil is considered free of the domestic cycle of Trichinella spp., but an unpublished seroepidemiological study revealed seropositive wild boars in indirect ELISA test, changing the country’s OIE disease status in wild animals from “never reported” to “infection in limited zones” [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seropositive Wild Boars Suggesting the Occurrence of a Wild Cycle of Trichinella spp. in Brazil

Silva

Mendonça

Machado

et al. 2022

Animals

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Trichinella is a zoonotic nematode traditionally detected worldwide in both domestic and wild animals. In South America, along with the occurrence of this parasite in domestic pigs and wild boars, there are reports of infection in wild carnivores. Brazil is considered free of the domestic cycle of Trichinella, but there is unpublished serological evidence of infection in wild boars, which changed the Brazilian status in OIE regarding the disease after an official communication. We investigated Trichinella spp. infection in wild boars and wild carnivores in the Southeastern region of Brazil. A total of 136 samples were tested, 121 from wild boars and 15 from wild carnivores. Artificial enzymatic digestion (AED) tests were performed on muscle samples from 37 wild boars and 15 wild carnivores, and 115 serum samples from wild boars were tested by iELISA. Seven serum samples from wild boars tested positive (7/115 = 6.1%, 95% CI 3.0–12.0), but no larvae were found in the AED. There was no significant difference between sex, age, and location of the samples. The serological results suggest that a wild cycle of Trichinella spp. may occur in Brazil, but further analyses should be performed to confirm the presence of the parasite.

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