Repression of tick microRNA-133 induces organic anion transporting polypeptide expression critical for Anaplasma phagocytophilum survival in the vector and transmission to the vertebrate host

Ramasamy, Ellango; Taank, Vikas; Anderson, John F.; Sultana, Hameeda; Neelakanta, Girish

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008856

Cited by 24 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Larvae were allowed to feed on naïve mice and allowed to molt into nymphs, generating uninfected nymphs. Tick rearing was conducted in an incubator at 23 ± 2 °C and 90–95% relative humidity under a 14/10-h light/dark photoperiod regimen, as described in our previous studies [ 17 – 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double anus in an Ixodes scapularis nymph, a medically important tick vector

et al. 2021

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Background Ixodes scapularis ticks are medically important arthropod vectors that transmit several pathogens to humans. The observations of morphological abnormalities, including nanism, missing leg, extra leg, and gynandromorphism, have been reported in these ticks. In this study, we report the presence of two anuses in a laboratory-reared I. scapularis nymph. Results Larval ticks were allowed to feed on mice and to molt to nymphs. Two anuses were observed in one of the freshly molted nymphs. Stereo and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of two anuses in one nymph within a single anal groove. Conclusions This report confirms the rare occurrence of double anus in I. scapularis. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double anus in an Ixodes scapularis nymph, a medically important tick vector

et al. 2021

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“…Next-generation sequencing approach has identified a potential role of Ixodes scapularis tick miRNAs in viral replication including POWV (85), and LGTV (86). Our group has also recently shown that repression of tick miRNA facilitates rickettsial pathogen survival and transmission to the vertebrate host (87). Currently, microRNA-targeting has been developed as an active strategy for pathogenicity and for the selective control of tissue-tropism of RNA viruses (88).…”

Section: Putative Roles For Noncoding Rnas In Modulation Of Tetraspaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraspanins as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Targeting Flaviviruses

2021

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Tetraspanin family of proteins participates in numerous fundamental signaling pathways involved in viral transmission, virus-specific immunity, and virus-mediated vesicular trafficking. Studies in the identification of novel therapeutic candidates and strategies to target West Nile virus, dengue and Zika viruses are highly warranted due to the failure in development of vaccines. Recent evidences have shown that the widely distributed tetraspanin proteins may provide a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the diversified and important functions of tetraspanins in exosome/extracellular vesicle biology, virus-host interactions, virus-mediated vesicular trafficking, modulation of immune mechanism(s), and their possible role(s) in host antiviral defense mechanism(s) through interactions with noncoding RNAs. We also highlight the role of tetraspanins in the development of novel therapeutics to target arthropod-borne flaviviral diseases.

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“…The Eppendorf FemtoJet microinjection system was used in this study. Microinjections into ticks were performed as previously described 36 . The DC preparation (as described in an earlier methods section) from A. phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 was tenfold serially diluted twice and the diluted solution was used for microinjections into ticks.…”

Section: Scientific Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks

Taank

Ramasamy

Sultana

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Ticks are important vectors that transmit several pathogens including human anaplasmosis agent, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. This bacterium is an obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogen. An infected reservoir animal host is often required for maintenance of this bacterial colony and as a source for blood to perform needle inoculations in naïve animals for tick feeding studies. In this study, we report an efficient microinjection method to generate A. phagocytophilum-infected ticks in laboratory conditions. The dense-core (DC) form of A. phagocytophilum was isolated from in vitro cultures and injected into the anal pore of unfed uninfected Ixodes scapularis nymphal ticks. These ticks successfully transmitted A. phagocytophilum to the murine host. The bacterial loads were detected in murine blood, spleen, and liver tissues. In addition, larval ticks successfully acquired A. phagocytophilum from mice that were previously infected by feeding with DC-microinjected nymphal ticks. Transstadial transmission of A. phagocytophilum from larvae to nymphal stage was also evident in these ticks. Taken together, our study provides a timely, rapid, and an efficient method not only to generate A. phagocytophilum-infected ticks but also provides a tool to understand acquisition and transmission dynamics of this bacterium and perhaps other rickettsial pathogens from medically important vectors.

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Repression of tick microRNA-133 induces organic anion transporting polypeptide expression critical for Anaplasma phagocytophilum survival in the vector and transmission to the vertebrate host

Cited by 24 publications

References 66 publications

Double anus in an Ixodes scapularis nymph, a medically important tick vector

Double anus in an Ixodes scapularis nymph, a medically important tick vector

Tetraspanins as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Targeting Flaviviruses

An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks

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