Repression of early zygotic transcription in the germline

Nakamura, Akira; Shirae-Kurabayashi, Maki; Hanyu-Nakamura, Kazuko

doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2010.08.012

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A transient lack of CTD phosphorylation during germ-cell formation has been observed in C. elegans, Drosophila and Xenopus embryos (Seydoux and Dunn, 1997;Venkatarama et al, 2010). In Drosophila and C. elegans embryos, specific factors in the germ plasm directly inhibit the kinase responsible for CTD Ser2 phosphorylation (Batchelder et al, 1999;Hanyu-Nakamura et al, 2008;Nakamura and Seydoux, 2008;Nakamura et al, 2010). However, low levels of both pSer2 and pSer5 persist in the germline blastomeres in C. intestinalis embryos (Fig.…”

Section: Transcriptional Repression Is a Conserved Hallmark Of Germ-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mouse, a number of somatic genes are downregulated without a clear loss of CTD phosphorylation during the specification of PGCs (Kurimoto et al, 2008;Seki et al, 2007). Thus, although the mechanism of repression and the mode of germ-cell specification differ, the repression of somatic transcriptional programs is a fundamental hallmark of germ-cell specification (Nakamura and Seydoux, 2008;Nakamura et al, 2010).…”

Section: Transcriptional Repression Is a Conserved Hallmark Of Germ-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many animals, the germline and somatic lineages diverge during early embryonic development. Although somatic cell differentiation is generally initiated through transcriptional activation by specific transcription factors, germline specification often involves the active repression of mRNA transcription (Nakamura and Seydoux, 2008;Nakamura et al, 2010). For example, in C. elegans and Drosophila, the repression of mRNA transcription in the germline depends on maternal factors (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ci-Pem-1 localizes to the nucleus and represses somatic gene transcription in the germline of Ciona intestinalis embryos

Shirae-Kurabayashi¹,

Matsuda²,

Nakamura³

2011

Development

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In many animal embryos, germ-cell formation depends on maternal factors located in the germ plasm. To ensure the development of germ cells, germline progenitors must be prevented from differentiating inappropriately into somatic cells. A common mechanism for this appears to be the active repression of somatic gene transcription. Species-specific germ-plasm components, such as Pgc in Drosophila and PIE-1 in C. elegans, establish germline transcriptional quiescence by inhibiting general transcriptional machineries. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, although transcriptional repression in the germline has been proposed, the factors and mechanisms involved have been unknown. We found that the protein products of Ci-pem-1 RNA, which is an ascidian-specific component of the postplasm (the germ plasm equivalent in ascidians), localized to the nucleus of germline blastomeres, as well as to the postplasm. Morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated Ci-pem-1 knockdown resulted in the ectopic expression of several somatic genes that are usually silent in the germline. In the Ci-pem-1 knockdown embryos, the expression of both β-catenin- and GATAa-dependent genes was derepressed in the germline blastomeres, suggesting that Ci-Pem-1 broadly represses germline mRNA transcription. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that Ci-Pem-1 could interact with two C. intestinalis homologs of Groucho, which is a general co-repressor of mRNA transcription. These results suggest that Ci-pem-1 is the C. intestinalis version of a germ-plasm RNA whose protein product represses the transcription of somatic genes during specification of the germ-cell fate, and that this repression may be operated through interactions between Ci-Pem-1 and Groucho co-repressors.

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Section: Transcriptional Repression Is a Conserved Hallmark Of Germ-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transcriptional Repression Is a Conserved Hallmark Of Germ-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ci-Pem-1 localizes to the nucleus and represses somatic gene transcription in the germline of Ciona intestinalis embryos

Shirae-Kurabayashi¹,

Matsuda²,

Nakamura³

2011

Development

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“…Global transcriptional repression is generally observed in the initial phase of germ-line formation in metazoan animals (including insects), although the mechanisms of translational repression are variable (13)(14)(15). In mammals, germ-line formation occurs in the early embryo when a small number of PGCs is specified among embryonic cells with a somatic fate (16).…”

Section: Bp) (C and D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global transcriptional repression: An initial and essential step for Plasmodium sexual development

Yuda

Iwanaga

Kaneko

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

156

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Gametocytes are nonreplicative sexual forms that mediate malaria transmission to a mosquito vector. They are generated from asexual blood-stage parasites that proliferate in the circulation. However, little is known about how this transition is genetically regulated. Here, we report that an Apetala2 (AP2) family transcription factor, AP2-G2, regulates this transition as a transcriptional repressor. Disruption of AP2-G2 in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei did not prevent commitment to the sexual stage but did halt development before the appearance of sex-specific morphologies. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that AP2-G2 targeted ∼1,500 genes and recognized a five-base motif in their promoters. Most of these target genes are required for asexual proliferation of the parasites in the blood, suggesting that AP2-G2 blocks the program that precedes asexual replication to promote conversion to the sexual stage. Microarray analysis showed that the identified targets constituted ∼70% of the up-regulated genes in AP2-G2-depleted parasites, suggesting that AP2-G2 actually functions as a repressor in gametocytes. A promoter assay using a centromere plasmid demonstrated that the binding motif functions as a cis-acting negative regulatory element. These results suggest that global transcriptional repression, which occurs during the initial phase of gametocytogenesis, is an essential step in Plasmodium sexual development. malaria | sexual development | transcription factor | gametocytogenesis

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“…Germ cell specification in the mouse has been comprehensively reviewed [Surani et al, 2007;Saitou, 2009;Nakamura et al, 2010].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Precious Cargo: Regulation of Sex-Specific Germ Cell Development in Mice

Bowles¹,

Koopman²

2012

Sex Dev

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Although mammalian sex determination is normally specified genetically by an XX or XY chromosome complement, germ cells develop as sperm or oocytes in response to molecular cues provided by the gonadal somatic cells. In an ovary, germ cells enter meiosis during fetal life, thereby committing to oogenesis. In a testis, germ cells do not enter meiosis until after birth, at puberty. Recent findings indicate that, in mice, the sex-specific timing of entry into meiosis is governed by the balance between 2 secreted signalling molecules, retinoic acid (RA), which promotes entry into meiosis, and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), which counteracts RA. The combined action of these 2 molecular regulators provides a safety mechanism to guard against germ cell dysregulation that can lead to infertility or germ cell cancers.

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Repression of early zygotic transcription in the germline

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Ci-Pem-1 localizes to the nucleus and represses somatic gene transcription in the germline of Ciona intestinalis embryos

Ci-Pem-1 localizes to the nucleus and represses somatic gene transcription in the germline of Ciona intestinalis embryos

Global transcriptional repression: An initial and essential step for Plasmodium sexual development

Precious Cargo: Regulation of Sex-Specific Germ Cell Development in Mice

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